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AIP conference proceedings

Transient response of a saturated two-level system in absorption and stimulated emission to a weak probing field

C. J. Hsu

Published Jan 1, 1988• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transient response of a resonant saturated system in steady state to a weak probing near resonant field was analyzed by using density metrix formulism. We found that this perturbation alters the saturation system significantly, which exhibits absorption and stimulated emission with decaying and modulation related to the Rabi frequency due to the strong field.

DOI
10.1063/1.37384

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The transient response of a resonant saturated system in steady state to a weak probing near resonant field was analyzed by using density metrix formulism. We found that this perturbation alters the saturation system significantly, which exhibits absorption and stimulated emission with decaying and modulation related to the Rabi frequency due to the strong field.
When a two-level system interacts resonantly with a saturating pump laser, the absorption profile of a probe wave in the Rabi sidebands resembles two separate dispersion profiles. At sufficiently high probe intensity this effect is accompanied by a dispersive profile in the pump-wave absorption, considered as a function of the probe-wave frequency, and also by a dip in the population of the upper state of the two-level system. The relative stabilization of the ground state is interpreted in terms of two-laser-photon processes where absorption of a pump (probe) photon is followed by stimulated emission of a probe (pump) photon. The dispersive absorption profile is attributed to the competition between three- and four-photon scattering processes.
We analyze the transient response induced by a resonant, weak probe laser in a three-level V-type system driven by a strong, resonant coupling laser. The Rabi oscillation of the probe transition contains two frequencies determined by the coupling laser, and the ratio of the two-frequency components can be controlled by a time delay between the probe and the coupling laser. In particular, when both lasers are turned on simultaneously, the optical nutation with the frequency approximately equal to the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser is dominant; when the probe laser is turned on well after the steady state is reached for the coupling transition, the Rabi oscillation of the probe transition still occurs, and the oscillatory frequency is approximately equal to half of the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser. When both the probe and the coupling lasers are strong, the mutual interaction of the two fields and the atomic system may revive the optical nutation with each other.
With the help of a probe-field method the time-behaviour of a two-level system subjected to a strong trichromatic near-resonant field is studied. The suitable Bloch equations are solved by a matrix exponent method which allows us to do without the continued fractions. It is shown that, when the Rabi frequency is sufficiently large, the profile of the weak-probe field absorption resembles a dispersion profile. The existence of a new type of parametric resonances not connected with the Rabi resonances is shown.
Absorption and refraction of the inner transition F2↔F3 of the closed four level N-type atom have been investigated under a weak field. The outer transitions F1↔F3 and F2↔F4 are resonantly interacted with drive field with frequency ωc and Rabi frequency Ωc, and saturation field with ωs and Ωs, respectively. For the suitable Rabi frequencies Ωc and Ωs, we obtain the Mollow absorption spectrum of probe field. The reason is that the drive field excites the atom to the upper level F3 and simultaneously the saturation field takes the atom out of the lower level F2, leading to the stimulated emission. Meanwhile, due to the dynamic energy splitting induced by the drive and saturation fields, the two- and four-peaked absorption spectra are observed. At the zero off-resonance detuning of probe field, we also find the transfer of dispersion from negative to positive with an increment of Ωs. Finally, the refractive index enhancement is predicted for a wide spectral region.
The absorptive part of the susceptibility of a system constituted by a strongly driven two-level atom (interacting with a reservoir) is analyzed when probed by a weak field. Memory effects are taken into account (the correlation time of the reservoir variables is finite) and we verify that they lead to several distinct features for the absorption and stimulated emission of radiation, when compared with those obtained in the Markovian approximation. Moreover, we verify that memory effects lead to a signature, namely, the sensitive dependence of the maxima of the absorption lines on the Rabi frequency at off-resonance pumping. Other characteristics of the spectrum are enhanced, even in the presence of a small but non-null correlation time of the reservoir, for instance, the maxima of the dispersionlike absorption curves at on-resonance pumping. In this work several situations are analyzed for different values of the parameters of the problem: the off-resonance frequencies of the driving field, the Rabi frequency, the memory time, and temperature of the reservoir.