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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Quadratic cascading in counterpropagating parametric amplifiers

Katia Gallo, Pascal A. Baldi, Marc de Micheli, Daniel B. Ostrowsky, Gaetano Assanto

Published Nov 11, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We propose a novel scheme for all-optical processing low-power signals at /spl sim/1.55 /spl mu/m via a high power counter-propagating pump wave at /spl sim/800 nm, based on quadratic cascading effects in a counter-propagating optical parametric amplifier. Co-propagating with the pump, is assumed to occur in a QPM LiNbO/sub 3/ soft-proton-exchanged (SPE) channel waveguide.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2000.910360

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Summary form only given. We propose a novel scheme for all-optical processing low-power signals at /spl sim/1.55 /spl mu/m via a high power counter-propagating pump wave at /spl sim/800 nm, based on quadratic cascading effects in a counter-propagating optical parametric amplifier. Co-propagating with the pump, is assumed to occur in a QPM LiNbO/sub 3/ soft-proton-exchanged (SPE) channel waveguide.
Cascading second-order nonlinear processes in quasi-phase matching (QPM) nonlinear crystals can strongly affect the effective group velocity of a propagating optical pulse, leading to superluminal or even negative transit times. With reference to a QPM LiNbO 3 parametric amplifier, we propose a device in which the transit time of spectrally narrow optical pulses at signal wavelength of 1.55 μm can be controlled by the pump intensity and may be pushed to negative values under experimentally achievable pump power levels.
Distributed positive feedback established by a counterpropagating three-wave mixing process in a submicrometer structured second-order nonlinear medium leads to mirrorless parametric oscillation with unusual spectral properties. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the phase modulation of the pump is coherently transferred to the co-propagating parametric wave, while the counterpropagating wave retains a narrow bandwidth and high coherence. The main mechanisms responsible for these properties are the maximized convective separation between the counterpropagating waves and the associated phase-locking between the pump and the co-propagating parametric wave. This suggests that mirrorless optical parametric oscillators can be pumped with incoherent light and still generate highly coherent backward-propagating radiation.
Backward wave optical parametric oscillators (BWOPO) are a special class of nonlinear optical devices with unique properties, due to the fact, that the pump photon is split in two photons propagating in opposite directions.The counter-propagating nature of the interaction automatically establishes positive feedback, without any external cavity, making the system very robust and insensitive to misalignment.Furthermore, the forward wave inherits the phase modulation of the pump, while the backward generated wave is inherently narrow [1].Although the concept of BWOPO was proposed in the 1960s [2], the fist experimental demonstration had to wait until 2007 [3].This long delay is ascribed to fact that quasi-phase matched (QPM) structures with sub-um periodicities are required to compensate for the large phase-mismatch between the counter-propagating waves.Thanks to the recent progress in periodic poling based on coercive field engineering, several BWOPO interactions with ps and ns pump pulses have been achieved, demonstrating efficient single pass configuration with conversion efficiencies up to 50% at a mJ output level [4].BWOPO operating at degeneracy, especially in the telecommunications band, is of special interest due to the possibility to have phase locking inherent to degenerate parametric processes which can be used for generation of biphoton states, a resource for quantum communications and quantum sensing [5,6].Efficient BWOPO operation in the spectral range of 1.5 µm -1.6 µm, requires first-order QPM, which can be realized in periodic nonlinear structures with a periodicity of ~400 nm, i.e., close to half of the pump wavelength in vacuum.In this work, we take advantage of our coercive-field engineering technique [7] to fabricate 435 nm-period in 1 mm thick Rb-doped KTiOPO4 (PPRKTP) crystals.The resulting domain pattern shows excellent uniformity over the entire crystal aperture and a duty cycle close to 50% (see Fig. 1a)) To the best of our knowledge, this poling period marks the shortest QPM period ever fabricated in ferroelectric crystals of comparable aperture.The crystals are used to demonstrate the first realization of a degenerate BWOPO, generating counter-propagating signal and idler in the spectral band of optical communications.
Entangled photons, which may be generated through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a crystal with /spl chi//sup (2)/ nonlinearity, have long been in the spotlight for quantum-optics experiments. The generation of entangled photons by quasi-phase matching (QPM) in lithium niobate offers the promise of increased photon-pair production and, with the integration of a waveguide structure, control of the spatial characteristics of the down-converted photons. It turns out that the use of a waveguide structure, in conjunction with periodic poling to achieve quasi-phase matching, offers another critically important feature: the possibility of generating counterpropagating signal and idler photons. We consider the conditions required for generating counterpropagating photon beams and explore some of the unique properties of this source of light using a periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide.
Optical parametric amplification (OPA) in the S-band with a compact configuration was demonstrated using a reflective multiple quasi-phase-matched (M-QPM) LiNbO 3 waveguide module. The reflective-module-assembled LiNbO 3 waveguide has two QPM peaks and a built-in mirror that reflects only the second harmonic. These features make it possible to perform second harmonic pump generation and OPA under different phase-matching conditions using a single device. The idler light generated in the module retains the phase information from the signal light and is used to evaluate signal quality.