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Monte Carlo renormalization group study of the two dimensional kinetic Ising model

John P. Bartel

Published Jan 1, 1984• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The critical dynamics of the two dimensional Kinetic Ising Model have been studied using Monte Carlo Real Space Renormalization Group techniques. Time dependent correlation functions were calculated for square lattices of 16 x 16 and 32 x 32 spins, using periodic boundary conditions wth 60,000 and 15,000 Monte Carlo steps per spin, respectively;The critical exponent z was estimated using a matching process for a variety of renormalization group operators. The estimates for z were surprisingly sensitive to small changes in the value of the renormalization group operator, with physically reasonable operators giving estimates for z less than the rigorous lower bound for z of z(,o) = 1.75. The estimates for z from a given renormalization group operator showed poor convergence properties. Attempts to estimate z from the scaling form of the correlation function were inconclusive, as were attempts to estimate the static exponent (eta);Possible explanations of these unexpected results are discussed. The most plausible source of the complex behavior seen in this work is the discrete nature of time in the Monte Carlo computer simulation, which generates phenomena not present in standard theoretical treatments of the Kinetic Ising Model.

DOI
10.31274/rtd-180813-5036

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Feb 1, 1981•17 citations
The critical dynamics of the two dimensional Kinetic Ising Model have been studied using Monte Carlo Real Space Renormalization Group techniques. Time dependent correlation functions were calculated for square lattices of 16 x 16 and 32 x 32 spins, using periodic boundary conditions wth 60,000 and 15,000 Monte Carlo steps per spin, respectively;The critical exponent z was estimated using a matching process for a variety of renormalization group operators. The estimates for z were surprisingly sensitive to small changes in the value of the renormalization group operator, with physically reasonable operators giving estimates for z less than the rigorous lower bound for z of z(,o) = 1.75. The estimates for z from a given renormalization group operator showed poor convergence properties. Attempts to estimate z from the scaling form of the correlation function were inconclusive, as were attempts to estimate the static exponent (eta);Possible explanations of these unexpected results are discussed. The most plausible source of the complex behavior seen in this work is the discrete nature of time in the Monte Carlo computer simulation, which generates phenomena not present in standard theoretical treatments of the Kinetic Ising Model.
A recent Monte Carlo renormalization-group study of the two-dimensional kinetic Ising model is extended to obtain renormalized time correlation functions from initial lattices of 16 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 16 and 32 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 32 spins. Different ways to estimate the dynamical exponent zzz are discussed, with our "best" estimate of $z\ensuremath{\simeq}2.23$ being consistent with the original study.
The dynamic Monte Carlo renormalization group is applied to the two-dimensional Kawasaki and three-dimensional Glauber models. Our best "matching" results for the Kawasaki model yield a value of z=3.80z=3.80z=3.80 for the dynamical exponent, as compared with the exact value z=3.75z=3.75z=3.75. This provides strong confirmation for the validity of this method. The results for the Glauber model are less accurate, but our estimate of $z\ensuremath{\simeq}2.08$ is in reasonable agreement with the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion.
Extending the Monte Carlo method to dynamic critical phenomena we investigated the time-dependent correlation functions in the two-dimensional one-spin-flip Ising model and the critical behavior of the associated relaxation times. These relaxation times are the following: ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{\Delta}T}$, characterizing the approach of the order parameter to equilibrium after a change of temperature $\ensuremath{\Delta}T$ of the system; ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}^{A}$ characterizing the slowing down of the order-parameter correlation and autocorrelation functions, respectively; ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}^{A}$, characterizing the slowing down of the energy correlation and autocorrelation functions; and finally ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}$, characterizing the cross-correlation function. We give estimates for the associated exponents ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{\Delta}T}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}\ensuremath{\approx}1.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$, and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}^{A}\ensuremath{\approx}1.60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}^{A}\ensuremath{\approx}0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}^{A}\ensuremath{\approx}0$, which are consistent with the dynamic scaling hypothesis and with exact inequalities. A detailed comparison with recent high-temperature-expansion estimates is performed, and the reliability of the Monte Carlo results is carefully analyzed.
Results are presented for the computer simulation of the time-dependent behavior of the Ising model on a 100 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 100 lattice. Groups of particles are regarded as samples from an infinite lattice and the interactions between the sample particles and those outside are expressed through new boundary conditions based on extending the concept of mean field in a self-consistent way. These new boundary conditions are explored analytically for a few small samples and a sharp critical point is found in contrast to periodic boundary conditions. The relaxation times for long-range order and nearest-neighbor correlation (energy) for the 100 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 100 system have been computed and the corresponding critical exponents estimated. The results are ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}}=2.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}\mathcal{H}}=0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$; these are compared with other recent results from computer simulations and series calculations.
The real-space dynamic renormalization group method developed in previous papers is applied to the kinetic Ising model defined on a square lattice. In particular we extend the formalism to the calculation of space- and time-dependent equilibrium averaged correlation functions. We find that conventional methods for implementing the real-space renormalization group via cumulant expansions in terms of the intercell coupling lead to correlation functions which decay algebraically in space at large distances in the disordered phase in qualitative disagreement with the known exponential decay. We indicate how one can develop new perturbation theory expansion methods which lead to the proper exponential decay at large distances and also lead to good quantitative results for other observable quantities like the magnetization, susceptibility, and single spin time autocorrelation function. As the result of a first-order calculation we obtain excellent results for the static critical exponents and a value of z=1.79z=1.79z=1.79 for the dynamic critical exponent. The critical exponents obtained from the correlation functions calculated using this method satisfy the proper static and dynamic scaling relations.