Reducing spin decoherence in a Tm3+:YAG crystal by dynamical decoupling

R.-C. Tongning, M. F. Pascual-Winter, T. Chanelière, J.-L. Le Gouët

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations

Abstract

We extend Tm3+ nuclear spin coherence lifetime to ∼ 230 ms. This 450-fold gain is achieved within the quantum memory context, involving spin hyperpolarization by optical pumping, dynamical decoupling and optical detection of Tm3+ ions.

DOI: 10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.jth2a.96

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Reducing spin decoherence in a Tm3+:YAG crystal by dynamical decoupling

R.-C. Tongning, M. F. Pascual-Winter, T. Chanelière, J.-L. Le Gouët

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.jth2a.96

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We report on spin coherence lifetime extension in Tm

{}^{3+}

:YAG obtained through dynamically decoupling the thulium spins from their magnetic environment. The coherence lifetime reached with a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence revealed a 450-fold extension [$\ensuremath{\sim}$$(230\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30)$ ms] with respect to previously measured values. Comparison to a simple theoretical model allowed us to estimate the correlation time of the fluctuations of the ground-level transition frequency to $(172\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30)$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$s at 1.7 K. For attaining efficient decoupling sequences, we developed a strategy inspired by the zero-first-order Zeeman effect to minimize the large inhomogeneous broadening of the ground-level spin transition.

In low-concentration Tm

{}^{3+}

:YAG, we observe efficient adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) of thulium nuclear spin over flipping times much longer than

{T}_{2}

. Efficient ARP with long flipping time has been observed in monoatomic solids for decades and has been analyzed in terms of spin temperature and of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a coupled spin ensemble. In low-concentration impurity-doped crystals the spin temperature concept may be questioned. A single spin model should be preferred since the impurity ions are weakly coupled together but interact with the numerous off-resonant matrix ions that originate the spin-spin relaxation. The experiment takes place in the context of quantum information investigation, involving impurity-doped crystals, spin hyperpolarization by optical pumping, and optical detection of the spin evolution.

T_2^{\ast}

free induction decay. The spins are continuously interrogated during the applied quantum control, resulting in 13C NMR line narrowing and an $>$500-fold boost in SNR due to the lifetime extension. Together with hyperpolarization spin interrogation is accelerated by

>10^{11}

over conventional 7T NMR. This work suggests strategies for the dynamical decoupling of coupled qubit systems with applications in a variety of experimental platforms.

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}

crystals are promising candidates for quantum memories because their nuclear spin coherence lifetime can be extended to 47 seconds at a particular magnetic field. Although an extended coherence lifetime of 6 hours can be achieved with a large number of dynamic decoupling sequences, these pulses will also introduce unwanted noise. To realize quantum storage with a lifetime of hours, it is necessary to quantitatively characterize the spin decoherence process of

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

ions to guide the experimental efforts. In practice, a number of limiting factors could impose a limit on the achievable spin coherence lifetime, which includes the spin inhomogeneous broadening of the

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

ensemble and the homogeneity and stability of the external magnetic field. Here, we provide a Monte Carlo simulation model of the nuclear spin decoherence process of

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

ions in

{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}

crystals, and these limiting factors are considered to provide an accurate prediction of the spin coherence lifetimes. This method is universal and can be applied to other rare-earth-ion-doped crystals.