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Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Coherent Population Trapping, Nuclear Spin Cooling, and Lévy Flights in Solid-State Atom-Like Systems

Swati Singh, Yiwen Chu, Mikhail D. Lukin, Susanne F. Yelin

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/bs.aamop.2015.05.001

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We show that a quantum interference effect in optical absorption from two electronic spin states of a solid-state emitter can be used to prepare the surrounding environment of nuclear spins in well-defined states, thereby suppressing electronic spin dephasing. The coupled electron-nuclei system evolves into a coherent population trapping state by optical-excitation-induced nuclear-spin diffusion for a broad range of initial optical detunings. The spectroscopic signature of this evolution where the single-electron strongly modifies its environment is a drastic broadening of the dark resonance in optical absorption experiments. The large difference in electronic and nuclear time scales allows us to verify the preparation of nuclear spins in the desired state.
This paper presents new experimental realizations of sub‐recoil laser cooling by velocity selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT). Starting from a cloud of trapped and precooled metastable helium atoms, it has been possible to achieve a VSCPT interaction time of 500 μs. This has enabled the momentum distribution to be compressed along one or two orthogonal axes to better than δp = ħk/4 where ħk is the photon momentum. The corresponding temperature is at least 16 times smaller than the single photon recoil limit, and the de Broglie wavelength of the atoms is at least 4 times larger than the wavelength of the laser used to cool the atoms. Recent theoretical developments are also described, establishing a connection between subrecoil cooling and Lévy flights and allowing one to get analytical expressions for the proportion of cooled atoms in the long time limit. Finally, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of VSCPT by Sisyphus precooling is briefly mentioned.