Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Two Slit Interference, Graphical Representation

Kamal L Rajpal

Published Mar 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Thomas Young’s interference experiment (1803) is very simple to perform but, even after more than 200 years is one of the most difficult to understand. Quantum physics offers a mathematical model for the observed wave-particle dualism. This article gives a physical model for the wave-particle duality nature of photons.

Related papers

The end to 100 years of “wave-particle duality” mystery in quantum physics

J. Bernabéu

The wave-particle duality mystery, present in the language of quantum physics since its historical origins 100 years ago, has no real correspondence with the actual behaviour of nature when it is observed. The dilemma of the so-called “single particle interference” experiments is not between particles versus waves: the interference in quantum physics is between probability amplitudes for different untagged alternatives in a definite transition between states. This article shows that the same conceptual basis is involved in a plethora of “two-state systems” as a consequence of the linear superposition principle, no matter whether the observables refer to either spatial or internal properties. Several examples, from the Young double-slit interference experiments to neutrino flavour oscillation experiments, are discussed in a common interpretation language.

Europhysics news•Jan 1, 2025•2 citations

Phenomena of interference and Young’s double slit experiment : A Review

Seema

The double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics is an experiment devised by physicist Thomas Young. It shows that light has both a wave nature or characteristic and a particle nature or characteristic, and that these natures are inseparable. So light is said to have wave–particle duality rather than be only a wave or only a particle. The same is true of electrons and other quantum particles. Although Christiaan Huygens thought that light was a wave, Isaac Newton did not. Newton felt that there were other explanations for color, and for the interference and diffraction effects that were observable at the time. Owing to Newton’s tremendous stature, his view generally prevailed. The fact that Huygens’s principle worked was not considered evidence that was direct enough to prove that light is a wave. The acceptance of the wave character of light came many years later when, in 1801, the English physicist and physician Thomas Young (1773–1829) did his now-classic double slit experiment

Innovative Research Thoughts•Mar 30, 2018•0 citations

PHYSICS

Simon W. Saunders

Quantum mechanics was all but completed in 1926. But it only compounded – entrenched – a problem that had been obvious for years: wave-particle duality. For a simple example, consider Young’s two-slit experiment, in which monochromatic light, incident on two narrow, parallel slits, subsequently produces an interference pattern on a distant screen (in this case, closely spaced bands of light and dark parallel to the slits). If either of the slits is closed, the pattern is lost. If one or other slit is closed sporadically and randomly, so that only one is open at any one time, the pattern is lost.

Routledge eBooks•Jan 31, 2008•0 citations

An experiment to improve understanding wave-particle duality

Michel Gondran, Alexandre Gondran

This article presents an experiment that can be conducted today and that could provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between the wave and particle aspects of an atom. The wave-particle duality is often presented as mutually exclusive: one considers either the wave aspect or the particle aspect. Our proposed experiment involves both aspects simultaneously and raises new questions. It is a slightly modified version of Young's double-slit interference experiment (a grid of narrow slits is added between the two wide slits) and is carried out using Rydberg atoms. Young-type interference experiments typically involve only the de Broglie wave $ψ$, which depends solely on the mass and velocity of the atoms. However, with Rydberg atoms having a large principal quantum number, the ``size'' of the atom-particle also becomes significant. The two large slits are wide enough to allow the Rydberg atoms to pass through, whereas the grid of narrow slits prevents them from passing through. We numerically simulate the possible outcomes based on different hypotheses regarding wave-particle interaction. Conducting the experiment in practice would allow us to distinguish between these hypotheses and deepen our understanding of wave-particle interaction. The conceptual framework of Louis de Broglie's double solution theory is well-suited to this experiment because it distinguishes between two types of waves: an external or statistical wave (de Broglie's wave) and an internal or physical wave (corresponding to the physical particle). We will examine the relevance of this approach.

arXiv:2509.04882•Sep 5, 2025•0 citations

DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT AND WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY

V. Abbasov

Abstract The double-slit experiment is a classic experiment that presents the clearest manifestation of wave-particle duality, one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The double-slit experiment still remains the phenomenon that demonstrates wave-particle duality at the most fundamental level. This phenomenon quantitatively and conceptually demonstrates that microscopic objects can behave like both waves and particles at the same time. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the physical nature of dualism, the mechanism of formation of the interference pattern, and the impact of the act of observation on the dynamics of quantum systems. The need for a new perspective on this topic is due to the fact that the current uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum reality has not yet been completely eliminated, and the boundaries between classical and quantum behavior in microscopic objects are still being explored. The results presented here restructure the deep mechanisms of the interference picture, more clearly frame the relationship between observation and wavefunction collapse, and provide a quantum. Since the article attempts to provide a complete answer to the mechanism of the formation of wave-particle duality, extensive space is given to sections such as historical development, theoretical models, modern research, etc. New approaches to this phenomenon have been developed using modern research and string theory. As a result, a new mathematical expression has been proposed that explains the reasons for the initial emergence of wave-particle duality, and is also important for string theory. The article explains the measurement problem with a more effective physical structure and ontological model.

•Jun 26, 2026•0 citations

An experiment to improve our understanding wave-particle duality

Alexandre Gondran, Michel Gondran

This article presents an experiment that can be conducted today and that could provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between the wave and particle aspects of an atom. The wave-particle duality is often presented as mutually exclusive: one considers either the wave aspect or the particle aspect. Our proposed experiment involves both aspects simultaneously and raises new questions. It is a slightly modified version of Young’s double-slit interference experiment (a grid of narrow slits is added between the two wide slits) and is carried out using Rydberg atoms. Young-type interference experiments typically involve only the de Broglie wave ψ , which depends solely on the mass and velocity of the atoms. However, with Rydberg atoms having a large principal quantum number, the ”size” of the atom-particle also becomes significant. The two large slits are wide enough to allow the Rydberg atoms to pass through, whereas the grid of narrow slits prevents them from passing through. We numerically simulate the possible outcomes based on different hypotheses regarding wave-particle interaction. Conducting the experiment in practice would allow us to distinguish between these hypotheses and deepen our understanding of wave-particle interaction. The conceptual framework of Louis de Broglie’s double solution theory is well-suited to this experiment because it distinguishes between two types of waves: an external or statistical wave (de Broglie’s wave) and an internal or physical wave (corresponding to the physical particle). We will examine the relevance of this approach.

Physics Letters A•Sep 5, 2026•0 citations
The wave-particle duality mystery, present in the language of quantum physics since its historical origins 100 years ago, has no real correspondence with the actual behaviour of nature when it is observed. The dilemma of the so-called “single particle interference” experiments is not between particles versus waves: the interference in quantum physics is between probability amplitudes for different untagged alternatives in a definite transition between states. This article shows that the same conceptual basis is involved in a plethora of “two-state systems” as a consequence of the linear superposition principle, no matter whether the observables refer to either spatial or internal properties. Several examples, from the Young double-slit interference experiments to neutrino flavour oscillation experiments, are discussed in a common interpretation language.
The double-slit experiment in quantum mechanics is an experiment devised by physicist Thomas Young. It shows that light has both a wave nature or characteristic and a particle nature or characteristic, and that these natures are inseparable. So light is said to have wave–particle duality rather than be only a wave or only a particle. The same is true of electrons and other quantum particles. Although Christiaan Huygens thought that light was a wave, Isaac Newton did not. Newton felt that there were other explanations for color, and for the interference and diffraction effects that were observable at the time. Owing to Newton’s tremendous stature, his view generally prevailed. The fact that Huygens’s principle worked was not considered evidence that was direct enough to prove that light is a wave. The acceptance of the wave character of light came many years later when, in 1801, the English physicist and physician Thomas Young (1773–1829) did his now-classic double slit experiment
Quantum mechanics was all but completed in 1926. But it only compounded – entrenched – a problem that had been obvious for years: wave-particle duality. For a simple example, consider Young’s two-slit experiment, in which monochromatic light, incident on two narrow, parallel slits, subsequently produces an interference pattern on a distant screen (in this case, closely spaced bands of light and dark parallel to the slits). If either of the slits is closed, the pattern is lost. If one or other slit is closed sporadically and randomly, so that only one is open at any one time, the pattern is lost.
This article presents an experiment that can be conducted today and that could provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between the wave and particle aspects of an atom. The wave-particle duality is often presented as mutually exclusive: one considers either the wave aspect or the particle aspect. Our proposed experiment involves both aspects simultaneously and raises new questions. It is a slightly modified version of Young's double-slit interference experiment (a grid of narrow slits is added between the two wide slits) and is carried out using Rydberg atoms. Young-type interference experiments typically involve only the de Broglie wave ψψψ, which depends solely on the mass and velocity of the atoms. However, with Rydberg atoms having a large principal quantum number, the ``size'' of the atom-particle also becomes significant. The two large slits are wide enough to allow the Rydberg atoms to pass through, whereas the grid of narrow slits prevents them from passing through. We numerically simulate the possible outcomes based on different hypotheses regarding wave-particle interaction. Conducting the experiment in practice would allow us to distinguish between these hypotheses and deepen our understanding of wave-particle interaction. The conceptual framework of Louis de Broglie's double solution theory is well-suited to this experiment because it distinguishes between two types of waves: an external or statistical wave (de Broglie's wave) and an internal or physical wave (corresponding to the physical particle). We will examine the relevance of this approach.
Abstract The double-slit experiment is a classic experiment that presents the clearest manifestation of wave-particle duality, one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The double-slit experiment still remains the phenomenon that demonstrates wave-particle duality at the most fundamental level. This phenomenon quantitatively and conceptually demonstrates that microscopic objects can behave like both waves and particles at the same time. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the physical nature of dualism, the mechanism of formation of the interference pattern, and the impact of the act of observation on the dynamics of quantum systems. The need for a new perspective on this topic is due to the fact that the current uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum reality has not yet been completely eliminated, and the boundaries between classical and quantum behavior in microscopic objects are still being explored. The results presented here restructure the deep mechanisms of the interference picture, more clearly frame the relationship between observation and wavefunction collapse, and provide a quantum. Since the article attempts to provide a complete answer to the mechanism of the formation of wave-particle duality, extensive space is given to sections such as historical development, theoretical models, modern research, etc. New approaches to this phenomenon have been developed using modern research and string theory. As a result, a new mathematical expression has been proposed that explains the reasons for the initial emergence of wave-particle duality, and is also important for string theory. The article explains the measurement problem with a more effective physical structure and ontological model.
This article presents an experiment that can be conducted today and that could provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between the wave and particle aspects of an atom. The wave-particle duality is often presented as mutually exclusive: one considers either the wave aspect or the particle aspect. Our proposed experiment involves both aspects simultaneously and raises new questions. It is a slightly modified version of Young’s double-slit interference experiment (a grid of narrow slits is added between the two wide slits) and is carried out using Rydberg atoms. Young-type interference experiments typically involve only the de Broglie wave ψ , which depends solely on the mass and velocity of the atoms. However, with Rydberg atoms having a large principal quantum number, the ”size” of the atom-particle also becomes significant. The two large slits are wide enough to allow the Rydberg atoms to pass through, whereas the grid of narrow slits prevents them from passing through. We numerically simulate the possible outcomes based on different hypotheses regarding wave-particle interaction. Conducting the experiment in practice would allow us to distinguish between these hypotheses and deepen our understanding of wave-particle interaction. The conceptual framework of Louis de Broglie’s double solution theory is well-suited to this experiment because it distinguishes between two types of waves: an external or statistical wave (de Broglie’s wave) and an internal or physical wave (corresponding to the physical particle). We will examine the relevance of this approach.