Are Faster-Than-Light Influences Necessary?

Rolf W. Landauer

Xiaobai Ai

This paper points that the physical essential of quantum teleportation is not clear, “does it relate to the faster-than-light issue?” is an open problem; Considering imaginary nubler“i”,one may find that special relativity is compatible with faster-that-light phenomena if they really exist in nature and causal loops would still remain. Author suggests that it is necessary to design experiments to measure the phase velocity of de Broglie wave and to study the wave-particle duality deeply.

Marijan Ribarič, Luka Šušteršič

Chuan Xi Wang, Gui‐Lu Long, Yang Sun

It has been claimed in the literature that impossibility of faster-than-light quantum communication has an origin of indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix. We show that the two concepts are not related. We argue that even with an ideal single-atom-precision measurement, it is generally impossible to produce two ensembles with exactly the same density matrix; or to produce ensembles with the same density matrix, classical communication is necessary. Hence the impossibility of faster-than-light communication does not imply the indistinguishability of ensembles with the same density matrix.

J. P. Marangos

Nils H. Abramson, Richard L. Amoroso, Peter Rowlands +1 more

Information is carried by matter or by energy and thus Einstein stated that “no information can travel faster than light.” He also was very critical to the “Spooky action at distance” as described in Quantum Physics. However, many verified experiments have proven that the ”Spooky actions” not only work at distance but also that they travel at a velocity faster than light, probably at infinite velocity. Examples are Young’s fringes at low light levels or entanglements. My explanation is that this information is without energy. In the following I will refer to this spooky information as exformation, where “ex‐“ refers to existence, the information is not transported in any way, it simply exists. Thus Einstein might have been wrong when he stated that no information can travel faster than light. But he was right in that no detectable information can travel faster than light. Phenomena connected to entanglement appear at first to be exceptions, but in those cases the information can not be reconstructed until energy is later sent in the form of correlation using ordinary information at the velocity of light. In entanglement we see that even if the exformation can not be detected directly because its luck of energy it still can influence what happens at random, because in Quantum Physics there is by definition no energy difference between two states that happen randomly.