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Nature

Quantum oscillations between two weakly coupled reservoirs of superfluid 3He

Sergey Pereverzev, Alex Loshak, Scott Backhaus, J. C. Davis, R. E. Packard

Published Jul 31, 1997• 185 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/41277

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We discuss the stability problem of the atomic pair in the 3He superfluid. It is similar to the bound-state problem of the hydrogen molecule because both of them are composed of two spin-1/2 nuclei. The difference is the cause for bonding. What is of interest here is whether the nuclear spin coupling between two 3He nuclei is large enough to form a stable atomic pair in the superfluid. According to our calculations, the energy difference between the excited state F=1 and the ground state F=0 caused by the nuclear spin coupling of the two hydrogen nuclei is about 5.6x10^-9 eV when the intermolecular distance is 0.74 A. When the two 3He nuclei are separated by 2.9 A, the same energy difference caused by the nuclear spin coupling is 4.8x10^-10 eV. This value is much less than the binding energy of two 3He atoms about 1.0 eV, and is also much smaller than the Lennard-Jones potential of 8.74x10^-4 eV between the two helium atoms. Therefore, two 3He atoms cannot form a stable atomic pair due to the nuclear spin coupling even the spin wave.
In this paper, we look into what happens to a quantum system under repeated measurements if it interacts with two independent reservoirs. In particular, we look at the behavior of a two-level system interacting with reservoirs consisting of harmonic oscillators. The interaction with one reservoir is weak with a dissipative-type coupling, while the interaction with the other reservoir is strong with a dephasing-type coupling. Using a polaron transformation, we show that the presence of the strongly coupled reservoir can actually reduce the decay rate of the quantum system due to the effect of the weakly-coupled reservoir.