Geometric phase around exceptional points (4 pages)

Shinichi Deguchi, Kazuo Fujikawa

X. X. Yi, Junli Chang

L. C. Wang, X. X. Yi

Soo-Young Lee

We illustrate how to get the geometric phase from eigenfunctions in the vicinity of an exceptional point in a dielectric microcavity whose non-Hermitian character comes from the outgoing-wave boundary condition. It is shown that the geometrical phase $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\pi}$ can be obtained either from total variation of the inner product of eigenfunctions or from a continuous change of phase plot, not of intensity plot, during a double cyclic parameter variation encircling the exceptional point. One can use either of the two ways by properly choosing the arbitrary phase of the calculated eigenfunctions.

Armin Uhlmann

Alexander I Nesterov, F Aceves de la Cruz

We consider the geometric phase and quantum tunneling in the vicinity of diabolic and exceptional points. We show that the geometric phase associated with the degeneracy points is defined by the flux of complex magnetic monopoles. In the limit of weak coupling, the leading contribution to the real part of the geometric phase is given by the flux of the Dirac monopole plus a quadrupole term, and the expansion of the imaginary part starts with a dipole-like field. For a two-level system governed by a generic non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, we derive a formula to compute the non-adiabatic, complex, geometric phase by integrating over the complex Bloch sphere. We apply our results to study a dissipative two-level system driven by a periodic electromagnetic field and show that, in the vicinity of the exceptional point, the complex geometric phase behaves like a step-function. Studying the tunneling process near and at the exceptional point, we find two different regimes: coherent and incoherent. The coherent regime is characterized by Rabi oscillations, with a one-sheeted hyperbolic monopole emerging in this region of the parameters. The two-sheeted hyperbolic monopole is associated with the incoherent regime. We show that the dissipation results in a series of pulses in the complex geometric phase which disappear when the dissipation dies out. Such a strong coupling effect of the environment is beyond the conventional adiabatic treatment of the Berry phase.