The Quantum Structure of the Atom

Masataka Mizushima

Jincheng Zhang

This paper introduces the concept of Atomic Temporal Phase Structure (ATPS), a novel quantum structure proposed based on experimental observations using ultrafast spectroscopy. The core idea is that, in addition to spatial orbital structure within atoms, a time-dependent phase component, denoted as [φt], also exists. This discovery represents a new dimension of quantum structure, potentially holding significant implications for fundamental physics and quantum technologies. The research focuses on analyzing the temporal evolution of atomic states through ultrafast spectral measurements, revealing the presence and characteristics of this previously unrecognized phase component. Further investigation into ATPS could lead to advancements in understanding quantum entanglement, time-resolved spectroscopy, and potentially, novel methods for manipulating quantum systems. ---

A. S. Marfunin

Cyril Norman Hinshelwood

Abstract This chapter discusses the structure of atoms. Topics covered include electrons, electron waves, the nuclear atom, atomic structure, energy levels, interpretation of quantum numbers, spectra and atomic structure in the light of quantum rules, atom building, quantum mechanical rules, the wave function, the transition of systems from one energy state to another, and the orthogonal property of wave functions.

Fanica Cimpoesu, Mihai V. Putz, Marilena Ferbinţeanu

James E. House