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Nonlinear Optics

Nonlinear Interactions of Electromagnetic Waves in an Active Medium and Their Possible Application to the Development of New Types of Lasers

B. P. Kirsanov

Published Jan 1, 1970• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-7519-1_11

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A new semiclassical model of the active medium of a gas laser and a description of its interaction with a classical electromagnetic field are reported. The model is based upon an exact microscopic formulation of the density of the active medium in a suitably defined semiclassical state space. Field-medium interaction mechanisms are studied by coupling the equation describing the dynamics of this density with Maxwell's field equations and the Schr\"odinger wave equation. Coupled stochastic nonlinear equations are formulated and quasilinear techniques are employed to effect their solutions. Wave-dipole correlations, the dominant nonlinearity, is shown to effect stability, produce the phenomena of hole burning, mode coupling, and frequency conversion, and to provide the mechanism whereby nonresonant pump field energy is converted into resonant laser oscillations.
Coherent preparation by laser light of quantum states of atoms and molecules can lead to quantum interference in the amplitudes of optical transitions. In this way the optical properties of a medium can be dramatically modified, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and related effects, which have placed gas-phase systems at the center of recent advances in the development of media with radically new optical properties. This article reviews these advances and the new possibilities they offer for nonlinear optics and quantum information science. As a basis for the theory of electromagnetically induced transparency the authors consider the atomic dynamics and the optical response of the medium to a continuous-wave laser. They then discuss pulse propagation and the adiabatic evolution of field-coupled states and show how coherently prepared media can be used to improve frequency conversion in nonlinear optical mixing experiments. The extension of these concepts to very weak optical fields in the few-photon limit is then examined. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects and potential new applications.
The spectral perturbation is considered in a semiconductor active medium in the vicinity of the frequency of a strong electromagnetic wave. The nonlinear interaction of waves via the dynamic interference grating, or nonlinear scattering by population waves leads to the shift of resonance frequencies, which is manifested, in particular, in a change of the mode-beating spectrum of the laser. The spectral profile of this perturbation depends on the amplitude—phase coupling factor α. For large α, the profile becomes symmetrical in detuning from the strong-mode frequency. A change in the group refractive index corresponding to the 'slowing' of light is also calculated.