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NATO ASI series. Series B : Physics

Giant Quantum Oscillators from Rydberg Atoms: Atomic Coherent States and Their Squeezing from Rydberg Atoms

R. Bullough, G. S. Agarwal, B. M. Garraway, Saad S. M. Hassan, G. P. Hildred, S. V. Lawande, N. Nayak, Ravinder Rupchand Puri, B. V. Thompson, JUSSI TIMONEN, Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin

Published Jan 1, 1989• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4757-6574-8_7

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Journal of Modern Optics•Jan 1, 1995•12 citations
It is shown that some 17 Rydberg Na atoms initially placed into a coherent atomic state and super-radiating into a low-Q microwave cavity at temperatures T ≲ 0·4 K will show modest squeezing in the fluorescence field, the squeezing arising from terms oscillating at twice the cavity frequency. It is also shown that similar numbers of Rydberg atoms undergoing resonance fluorescence in a coherent single-mode microwave driving field and without any cavity will show more substantial squeezing in the fluorescence field.
Giant atoms are attracting interest as an emerging paradigm in the quantum optics of engineered waveguides. At variance with the well-known artificial giant atoms for microwave photonics, here we propose the archetype of a giant atom working in the optical regime by considering a pair of interacting Rydberg atoms coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) and also driven by a coherent field. Giant-atom effects are observed as a phase-dependent decay of the double Rydberg excitation during the initial evolution stage while a nontrivial internal entanglement is exhibited at later times. Such an entanglement onset occurs in the presence of intrinsic atomic decay toward nonguided vacuum modes and is accompanied by antibunching in the emitted photons. Our predictions should be observable in current Rydberg-PCW experiments and may open the way toward giant-atom optical photonics for quantum information processing.
Time-dependent (numerical) results are presented for super-radiant behaviour in the Dicke model of N a = 2, 3 atoms in a broad band squeezed vacuum. This concerns the fluctuations and the intensity of the fluorescent radiation as well as the atomic population inversion of the system with atoms initially in an atomic coherent state. In the steady state, and in the N a → ∞, we show that the ‘atomic’ Dicke model behaves like a ‘giant quantum oscillator’, in which the number of excited atoms asymptotically approaches the average number of photons in the resonant mode of the squeezed vacuum, just as in the thermally driven case.