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Acta Physica Polonica A

Classical Limit of Entangled Correlations

K. Wódkiewicz

Published Jul 1, 1994• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Generalizations of Bell's inequalities for Einstein Podolsky and Rosen entangled correlations for arbitrary spin s are discussed.Violations of local realism and the classical limit of quantum nonlocality for large s are discussed.The role of the polarization and of the spin alignment in the violation of the Bell inequalities are investigated.A Bayes analysis of entangled correlations is performed using the nonlocal quantum distribution.The local but nonpositive Einstein Podolsky and Rosen quantum distribution is investigated in the limit when s → .The classical limit of the quantum Malus 1aw for arbitrary spin s is formulated in terms of the spin patl integrals.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.86.223

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Generalizations of Bell's inequalities for Einstein Podolsky and Rosen entangled correlations for arbitrary spin s are discussed.Violations of local realism and the classical limit of quantum nonlocality for large s are discussed.The role of the polarization and of the spin alignment in the violation of the Bell inequalities are investigated.A Bayes analysis of entangled correlations is performed using the nonlocal quantum distribution.The local but nonpositive Einstein Podolsky and Rosen quantum distribution is investigated in the limit when s → .The classical limit of the quantum Malus 1aw for arbitrary spin s is formulated in terms of the spin patl integrals.
The quantitative quantum-mechanical analysis of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment for correlated particles of arbitrary spin sss is shown to contradict a generalized form of Bell's inequality, for suitable orientations of the detectors. As the classical ($s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) limit is approached, the range of angles for which the contradiction arises vanishes as 1s\frac{1}{s}s1​.
We consider the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation between two spins with arbitrary j values using the phase-space description of the angular-momentum operators [G. S. Agarwal, Phys. Rev. A 24, 2889 (1981)]. The phase-space formulation provides insight into hidden-variable theories and enables us to understand why Bell's inequalities are violated. We use the analogs of the Wigner function and the P function for the analysis of the correlations. We show that the Wigner function for the singlet state becomes positive in the limit j\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. We also show the extent to which Bell's inequalities can be violated for higher spins and present physical quantities, the correlations between which would violate Bell's inequalities.
It is shown that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations for arbitrary spin s and the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) correlations for three particles can be described by nonlocal joint and conditional quantum probabilities. The nonlocality of these probabilities makes the Bell inequalities void. A description that exhibits the relation between the randomness and the nonlocality of entangled correlations is introduced. Entangled EPR and GHZ correlations are studied using the Gibbs-Shannon entropy. The nonlocal character of the EPR correlations is tested using the information Bell inequalities. Relations between the randomness, the nonlocality, and the entropic information for the EPR and the GHZ correlations are established and discussed.
We examine the properties and behavior of the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) wave function [Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)] and related Gaussian-correlated wave functions. We assess the degree of entanglement of these wave functions and consider an argument of Bell [Ann. (N.Y.) Acad. Sci. 480, 263 (1986)] based on the Wigner phase-space distribution [Phys. Rev. 40, 749 (1932)], which implies that the original EPR correlations can accommodate a local hidden-variable description. We extend Bell's analysis to the related Gaussian wave functions. We then show that it is possible to identify definite nonlocal aspects for the original EPR state and related states. We describe possible experiments that would demonstrate these nonlocal features through violations of Bell inequalities. The implications of our results, and in particular their relevance for the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, are considered.
Two aspects of the Clauser-Horne conditions for the compatibility with local realism of measured spin-\textonehalf{} Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations are investigated in the spin-sss case. (1) A new set of necessary conditions is given for compatibility with local realism. These conditions are violated for a large range of geometries. The range does not diminish with increasing sss, if the observed correlations are sufficiently near to the quantum-theoretic predictions. (2) A simple counterexample is given to the spin-1 generalization of a recent conjecture that the conditions tested by the Clauser-Horne spin-\textonehalf{} inequalities are sufficient as well as necessary for compatibility of the data with local realism.
Some new, powerful, and very simple Bell inequalities are derived. They establish that for two spin-sss particles in the singlet state, the quantum-theoretic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations for spin measurements along all pairs of directions from a set of NNN axes are incompatible with local realism for any set of distinct coplanar axes when N=3N=3N=3, and for any set of distinct axes whatever when N=4N=4N=4, with the possible exception of sets restricted by one of the constraints $\stackrel{^}{a}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\stackrel{^}{b}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\stackrel{^}{c}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\stackrel{^}{d}=0$. These results hold for any value of the spin.