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Integrable Boundary Flows and the g-function

Ruth Margaret Wilbourne

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations

Abstract

This thesis explores renormalisation group flows in integrable quantum field theories with boundaries, as described by the g-function. The main focus is on the g-function in the staircase model, the renormalisation group flow of which passes close to the unitary minimal models. This g-function is used to identify flows between boundary conditions both within and between the minimal models. In certain limits the $\\mathcal{M}A_m^{(+)}$ theories which interpolate between pairs of minimal models emerge from the staircase model, and exact expressions for the g-function in these models are extracted from the staircase g-function. Perturbative tests on the $\\mathcal{M}A_4^{(+)}$ g-function are discussed, as is initial work on the g-function for the $\\mathcal{M}A_4^{(-)}$ theory, which describes flows that emerge when the bulk coupling is taken to have the opposite sign to that in $\\mathcal{M}A_4^{(+)}$. Expressions are also found for excited state versions of the $\\mathcal{M}A_m^{(+)}$ g-function, and these allow the unique identification of certain boundary flows.

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This thesis explores renormalisation group flows in integrable quantum field theories with boundaries, as described by the g-function. The main focus is on the g-function in the staircase model, the renormalisation group flow of which passes close to the unitary minimal models. This g-function is used to identify flows between boundary conditions both within and between the minimal models. In certain limits the

\\mathcal{M}A_m^{(+)}

theories which interpolate between pairs of minimal models emerge from the staircase model, and exact expressions for the g-function in these models are extracted from the staircase g-function. Perturbative tests on the

\\mathcal{M}A_4^{(+)}

g-function are discussed, as is initial work on the g-function for the

\\mathcal{M}A_4^{(-)}

theory, which describes flows that emerge when the bulk coupling is taken to have the opposite sign to that in

\\mathcal{M}A_4^{(+)}

. Expressions are also found for excited state versions of the

\\mathcal{M}A_m^{(+)}

g-function, and these allow the unique identification of certain boundary flows.

We investigate the staircase model, introduced by Aliosha Zamolodchikov through an analytic continuation of the sinh-Gordon S-matrix to describe interpolating flows between minimal models of conformal field theory in two dimensions. Applying the form factor expansion and the c-theorem, we show that the resulting c-function has the same physical content as that found by Zamolodchikov from the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz. This turns out to be a consequence of a nontrivial underlying mechanism, which leads to an interesting localisation pattern for the spectral integrals giving the multi-particle contributions. We demonstrate several aspects of this form factor relocalisation, which suggests a novel approach to the construction of form factors and spectral sums in integrable renormalisation group flows with non-diagonal scattering.

We investigate the staircase model, introduced by Aliosha Zamolodchikov through an analytic continuation of the sinh-Gordon S-matrix to describe interpolating flows between minimal models of conformal field theory in two dimensions. Applying the form factor expansion and the c-theorem, we show that the resulting c-function has the same physical content as that found by Zamolodchikov from the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz. This turns out to be a consequence of a nontrivial underlying mechanism, which leads to an interesting localisation pattern for the spectral integrals giving the multi-particle contributions. We demonstrate several aspects of this form factor relocalisation, which suggests a novel approach to the construction of form factors and spectral sums in integrable renormalisation group flows with non-diagonal scattering.

Recently, Gaiotto (2012 arXiv:1201.0767) considered conformal defects which produce an expansion of infrared local fields in terms of the ultraviolet (UV) ones for a given renormalization group flow. In this paper, we propose that for a boundary RG flow in two dimensions there exist boundary condition changing fields (RG defect fields) linking the UV and the infrared (IR) conformal boundary conditions which carry similar information on the expansion of boundary fields at the fixed points. We propose an expression for a pairing between IR and UV operators in terms of a four-point function with two insertions of the RG defect fields. For the boundary flows in minimal models triggered by ψ 13 perturbation, we make an explicit proposal for the RG defect fields. We check our conjecture by a number of calculations done for the example of ( p , 2) → ( p − 1, 1)⊕( p + 1, 1) flows.

Recently, Gaiotto (2012 arXiv:1201.0767) considered conformal defects which produce an expansion of infrared local fields in terms of the ultraviolet (UV) ones for a given renormalization group flow. In this paper, we propose that for a boundary RG flow in two dimensions there exist boundary condition changing fields (RG defect fields) linking the UV and the infrared (IR) conformal boundary conditions which carry similar information on the expansion of boundary fields at the fixed points. We propose an expression for a pairing between IR and UV operators in terms of a four-point function with two insertions of the RG defect fields. For the boundary flows in minimal models triggered by ψ13 perturbation, we make an explicit proposal for the RG defect fields. We check our conjecture by a number of calculations done for the example of (p, 2) → (p − 1, 1)⊕(p + 1, 1) flows.

A bstract For QFTs in AdS the boundary correlation functions remain conformal even if the bulk theory has a scale. This allows one to constrain RG flows with numerical conformal bootstrap methods. We apply this idea to flows between two-dimensional CFTs, focusing on deformations of the tricritical and ordinary Ising model. We provide non-perturbative constraints for the boundary correlation functions of these flows and compare them with conformal perturbation theory in the vicinity of the fixed points. We also reproduce a completely general constraint on the sign of the

T\overline{T }

deformation in two dimensions.