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arXiv:2610.17367

Periodic-Pulse Control of Collective Emission and Photon Statistics in Interacting Quantum Emitters

Kavalambramalil George Paulson, Fu Li, Hanna Terletska

quant-phSubmitted Oct 12, 2026• Announced Oct 14, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the collective emission spectra and photon correlations of two identical dipole-dipole-coupled emitters under continuous-wave (CW) and periodic pulsed driving. Our results show that a periodic train of instantaneous $π_x$ pulses can generate emission spectra whose dominant features closely resemble those obtained under CW excitation. We find that the structure of the collective emission spectra reflects the interplay among the resonance conditions, dipole-dipole coupling, and the inter-pulse delay $τ_D$. We further demonstrate that finite-duration $π_x$ pulses with sufficiently high Rabi frequencies can closely reproduce the ideal instantaneous-pulse limit. In contrast to the emission spectra, the photon correlations $g^{(2)}(t,τ)$ are governed primarily by $τ_D$ and, unlike under CW driving, become increasingly insensitive to the resonance conditions in the short-pulse limit. These results establish periodic pulsed driving as a versatile means of tailoring both the emission spectra and the photon statistics of coupled two-emitter systems.

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We investigate the collective emission spectra and photon correlations of two identical dipole-dipole-coupled emitters under continuous-wave (CW) and periodic pulsed driving. Our results show that a periodic train of instantaneous πxπ_xπx​ pulses can generate emission spectra whose dominant features closely resemble those obtained under CW excitation. We find that the structure of the collective emission spectra reflects the interplay among the resonance conditions, dipole-dipole coupling, and the inter-pulse delay τDτ_DτD​. We further demonstrate that finite-duration πxπ_xπx​ pulses with sufficiently high Rabi frequencies can closely reproduce the ideal instantaneous-pulse limit. In contrast to the emission spectra, the photon correlations g(2)(t,τ)g^{(2)}(t,τ)g(2)(t,τ) are governed primarily by τDτ_DτD​ and, unlike under CW driving, become increasingly insensitive to the resonance conditions in the short-pulse limit. These results establish periodic pulsed driving as a versatile means of tailoring both the emission spectra and the photon statistics of coupled two-emitter systems.
Quantum emitters promise to emit exactly one photon when pumped by a laser pulse. However, even in ideal systems, re-excitation during the laser pulse duration causes the consecutive emission of two photons, thus limiting the single-photon purity. Although the probability and characteristics of re-excitation are largely determined by the excitation scheme, until now, only resonant driving has been studied. Here, we demonstrate qualitative differences for phonon-assisted excitation and resolve the distinct temporal and spectral profile of each of the photons. These uncover correlations between the emission time and wavelength, resulting in an asymmetric two-photon spectrum. On a fundamental level, we show that this spectrum provides direct access to the Rabi frequency of an incoherently driven quantum dot. On the application side, we leverage the asymmetry to selectively suppress multiphoton noise, ensuring high single-photon purity regardless of the laser pulse length and thus enhancing implementations across quantum cryptography and quantum computing.
We investigate how the quantum control of a two-level system (TLS) coupled to photons can modify and tune the TLS's photon absorption spectrum. Tuning and controlling the emission and the absorption are of great interest, e.g., for the development of efficient interfaces between stationary and flying qubits in modern architectures for quantum computation and quantum communication. We consider periodic pulse control, where the TLS is subjected to a periodic sequence of the near-resonant Rabi driving pulses, each pulse implementing a ${180}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ rotation. For small interpulse delays, the absorption spectrum features a pronounced peak of stimulated emission at the pulse frequency, similar satellite peaks with smaller spectral weights, and the net absorption peaks on the sides. As long as the detuning between the carrier frequency of the driving and the TLS transition frequency remains moderate, this spectral shape shows little change. Therefore, the pulse control allows shifting the absorption peak to a desired position and locks the overall absorption spectrum to the carrier frequency of the driving pulses. A detailed description of the spectrum and its evolution as a function time, the interpulse spacing, and the detuning is presented.
Radiative coupling between quantum emitters leads to a range of spectacular emission phenomena. Dicke studied the foundations of collectively enhanced and suppressed decay, commonly referred to as super- and subradiance. Collective effects can further result in directionality of the emission, thus offering a complimentary implementation of chiral quantum optics. Waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) allows coupling between spatially separated emitters, enabling selective driving. In this work, we control the emission direction for a pair of quantum dots embedded in a bidirectional photonic crystal waveguide offering independent electrical tuning. Notably the emitters are 13 \micro m apart, which corresponds to 26 effective wavelengths, but are nevertheless radiatively coupled. The directionality arises from a dispersive dipole-dipole interaction, which shifts the energy of the collective states, so that the emitter pair effectively forms an artificial molecule. We show that the emission direction can be switched from left- to rightwards by manipulating the relative driving phase while collectively exciting the emitters. In addition, we observe directional photon statistics under continuous driving, with, for example, single photons detected on one output port, and photon pairs on the other. With pulsed excitation, both emitters are fully inverted and correlated photon pairs are observed in time-resolved intensity correlation measurements. This work demonstrates a novel implementation of chiral quantum optics using quantum dots coupled via a non-chiral waveguide, and reports key steps for scaling up as a multi-emitter waveguide QED platform.
We investigate the photon statistics of light emitted from a system of collectively interacting dipoles in the low-intensity regime, incorporating double-excitation states to capture beyond-single-excitation effects. By analyzing the eigenstates of the double-excitation manifold, we establish their connection to the accessible single-excitation eigenmodes and investigate the role of decay rates in shaping the zero-time-delay photon correlation function g(2)(τ=0)g^{(2)}(τ= 0)g(2)(τ=0) under different detection schemes. The photon emission statistics can be arbitrarily controlled by interfering two beams of light that selectively address orthogonal eigenmodes. This can act as a tunable nonlinearity that enables both enhancement or suppression of two-photon emission.
Narrow line-widths and the possibility of enhanced spontaneous emission via coupling to microcavities make semiconductor quantum dots ideal for harnessing coherent quantum phenomena at the single photon level. So far, however, all approaches have relied on incoherent pumping, which limits the desirable properties of the emission. In contrast, coherent excitation was recognized to be necessary for providing both improved photon indistinguishability and high efficiency, and offers the quantum control capabilities required for basic qubit manipulations. Here we achieve, for the first time, resonant and coherent excitation of a quantum dot with simultaneous collection of the non-classical photon emission. Second-order correlation measurements show the unique signature of a coherently-driven two-level quantum emitter: the photon statistics become oscillatory at high driving fields, reflecting the coherent evolution of the excitonic ground state of the quantum dot.
We study the emission spectrum and absorption spectrum of a quantum emitter when it is driven by various pulse sequences. We consider the Uhrig sequence of πxπ_xπx​ pulses, the periodic sequence of πxπyπ_xπ_yπx​πy​ pulses and the periodic sequence of πzπ_zπz​ pulses (phase kicks). We find that, similar to the periodic sequence of πxπ_xπx​ pulses, the Uhrig sequence of πxπ_xπx​ pulses has emission and absorption that are, with small variations, analogous to those of the resonance fluorescence spectrum. In addition, while the periodic sequence of πzπ_zπz​ pulses produces a spectrum that is dependent on the detuning between the emitter and the pulse carrier frequency, the Uhrig sequence of nonequidistant πxπ_xπx​ pulses and the periodic sequence of πxπyπ_xπ_yπx​πy​ pulses have spectra with little dependence on the detuning as long as it stays moderate along with the number of pulses. This implies that they can also, similar to previously studied periodic sequence of πxπ_xπx​ pulses, be used to tune the emission or absorption of quantum emitters to specific frequencies, to mitigate inhomogeneous broadening and to enhance the production of indistinguishable photons from emitters the solid state.