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arXiv:2610.12685

Fast computational primitives for La-cross qLDPC codes

Andrea Di Fini, Tom Hartweg, Laura Pecorari, Guido Pupillo, Samuel Crew

quant-phSubmitted Oct 8, 2026• Announced Oct 12, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

Quantum LDPC codes promise to reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computation, but their practical use requires efficient logical gates, measurements, and access to non-Clifford resources. Here, we develop a complete set of computational primitives for La-cross hypergraph product codes. For a subclass of these codes, we show that seed automorphisms together with fold-transversal gates generate the full logical Clifford group up to Pauli corrections. We further prove that every rank one logical operator admits $D$ pairwise disjoint physical representatives, enabling parallel gauging and a space--time tradeoff for logical measurements. Finally, we construct an addressable surface code interface for injecting externally prepared resource states into selected logical qubits. Together, these results establish La-cross codes as a simple, low-connectivity generalisation of surface code computation, retaining analogous computational primitives while providing a complete Clifford+$T$ instruction set across multiple encoded qubits.

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Quantum LDPC codes promise to reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computation, but their practical use requires efficient logical gates, measurements, and access to non-Clifford resources. Here, we develop a complete set of computational primitives for La-cross hypergraph product codes. For a subclass of these codes, we show that seed automorphisms together with fold-transversal gates generate the full logical Clifford group up to Pauli corrections. We further prove that every rank one logical operator admits DDD pairwise disjoint physical representatives, enabling parallel gauging and a space--time tradeoff for logical measurements. Finally, we construct an addressable surface code interface for injecting externally prepared resource states into selected logical qubits. Together, these results establish La-cross codes as a simple, low-connectivity generalisation of surface code computation, retaining analogous computational primitives while providing a complete Clifford+TTT instruction set across multiple encoded qubits.
Low-space-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation requires not only high-rate quantum error-correcting codes but also space-efficient implementations of logical operations. Transversal and fold-transversal gates are promising since they limit error propagation and require no additional qubits. However, the logical operations they enable are typically restricted, and a central challenge is to construct codes that combine a complete set of logical Clifford gates with favorable code parameters. In this work, we introduce a family of quantum codes with an asymptotically constant encoding rate and sublogarithmically growing stabilizer weight, while supporting the entire logical Clifford group using only transversal and fold-transversal gates. Our construction is based on classical codes whose code spaces are absolutely irreducible Steinberg modules of their Tanner-graph automorphism groups. Taking hypergraph products of these classical codes yields quantum codes for which all logical Clifford operations can be synthesized from a fixed set of transversal and fold-transversal gates. Moreover, the slow growth of the stabilizer weight enables a high error-correcting performance in small instances. These results provide a path toward fault-tolerant quantum computation with low space overhead using transversal and fold-transversal gates.
High-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes encode many logical qubits with low physical-qubit overhead, but realizing efficient fault-tolerant computation on such dense encodings remains a major challenge. Generic, code-agnostic techniques such as code surgery and gate teleportation apply broadly, but are difficult to make modular, low-overhead, and fully certifiable on complex high-rate codes whose structure is left unexploited. Here we overcome these obstacles by co-designing the code together with its logical instruction set for a broad family of canonical lifted-product (LP) codes with cyclic symmetry. We show that these codes admit a canonical logical basis, in which conjugate logical operators are organized into rows and columns of cyclic orbits inherited directly from the underlying classical codes, analogous to the structure that makes hypergraph-product codes so tractable. This canonical basis enables universal logical processing using magic-state input and a constant number of reusable seed surgery gadgets---only two (resp. four) for a [[1122,148,≤20]][[1122,148,\leq 20]][[1122,148,≤20]] (resp. [[4350,1224,≤20]][[4350,1224,\leq 20]][[4350,1224,≤20]]) LP code. A fixed extractor smaller than half the data block also enables arbitrarily high-weight logical Pauli-product measurements (PPMs) while preserving the code's cyclic symmetry. These codes also enable rigorously fault-tolerant parallel logic, including PPMs across all logical qubits and magic-state injection from many surface codes into a full LP block. For example, a [[468,36,20]][[468,36,20]][[468,36,20]] (resp. [[952,112,17]][[952,112,17]][[952,112,17]]) code supports simultaneous measurements of arbitrary logically disjoint Pauli products with an ancilla overhead of roughly three (resp. four) times the data block size. These results advance the frontier of fault-tolerant quantum computation on ultra-high-rate quantum architectures.
Quantum error correction is critical to the design and manufacture of scalable quantum computing systems. Recently, there has been growing interest in quantum low-density parity-check codes as a resource-efficient alternative to surface codes. Their adoption is hindered by the difficulty of compiling fault-tolerant logical operations. A key challenge is that logical qubits do not necessarily map to disjoint sets of physical qubits, which limits parallelism. We introduce clustered-cyclic codes, a quantum low-density parity-check code family with finite-size instances such as [[136,8,14]] and [[198,18,10]] that are competitive with state-of-the-art constructions. These codes admit a directly addressable logical basis, enabling highly parallel logical measurement layers. To leverage this structure, we propose parallel product surgery for quantum product codes. Using an auxiliary copy of the data patch and an engineered product-connection structure, the protocol performs many logical Pauli-product measurements in a single surgery round with small, fixed overhead. For clustered-cyclic codes, this yields surface-code-style maximal parallelism: up to k/2 disjoint Pauli-product measurements per round under explicit algebraic conditions. We prove that parallel product surgery preserves the code distance for hypergraph product codes and numerically verify distance preservation for the listed clustered-cyclic instances with k = 8. Finally, for the [[24,8,3]] clustered-cyclic code, treating half of the logical qubits as auxiliaries enables arbitrary parallel CNOTs on disjoint pairs; combined with symmetry-derived operations, these gates generate the full Clifford group fault-tolerantly.
Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation with constant overhead. Recent advancements have shown that qLDPC codes can outperform the quantum memory capability of surface codes even with near-term hardware. The question of how to implement logical gates fault-tolerantly for these codes is still open. We present new examples of high-rate bivariate bicycle (BB) codes with enhanced symmetry properties. These codes feature explicit nice bases of logical operators (similar to toric codes) and support fold-transversal Clifford gates. As examples, we construct[[98,6,12]][[{98,6,12}]][[98,6,12]]and[[162,8,12]][[{162, 8, 12}]][[162,8,12]]BB codes which admit interesting fault-tolerant Clifford gates. Our work also lays the mathematical foundations for explicit bases of logical operators and fold-transversal gates in quantum two-block group algebra codes, which might be of independent interest.
Quantum error correction is essential for building utility-scale quantum computers that outperform classical machines, yet leading approaches incur substantial physical qubit overhead. Quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes offer a promising alternative by significantly reducing the number of physical qubits required per logical qubit. However, existing work on QLDPC codes has focused primarily on quantum memories, with no efficient method known for implementing arbitrary logical Clifford operations at low circuit depth. Here, we introduce a new family of QLDPC codes that enables efficient implementation of the full Clifford group via transversal operations, allowing any m-qubit Clifford operation to be executed in at most O(m) syndrome extraction rounds. We run circuit-level simulations of depth-126 logical circuits to demonstrate the near-memory logical performance of these logical operations. In combination with known methods for implementing T gates, these results establish QLDPC codes as a viable route toward resource-efficient universal quantum computation. Quantum LDPC codes can shield quantum computers from decoherence with minimal overhead. In this work, the authors describe a new QLDPC family, SHYPS, as a path to practical fault tolerance with efficient Clifford circuit implementation on encoded states.
Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are promising candidates for practical low-overhead quantum memories. For large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation, we further need logical processing methods for QLDPC codes. In this work, we construct full extractors---surgery systems capable of measuring arbitrary logical Pauli operators on a code block---for several hypergraph product (HGP) codes. These extractors enable logical processing via Pauli-based computation (PBC) without the compilation overhead observed in prior works. Moreover, our extractors have sizes between 47%47\%47% and 80%80\%80% of the base HGP codes, and the extractor-augmented codes can be supported on fixed-connectivity hardware with maximum qubit degree ten. Our approach involves assembling many partial extractors with verifiable fault tolerance into a single full extractor. For a distance 101010 HGP code, circuit-level noise simulations yield logical measurement error rates of approximately 10−610^{-6}10−6 at a physical error rate of 0.1%0.1\%0.1%. These results demonstrate that extractor architectures, when designed in the fixed-connectivity setting, can achieve the space efficiency of QLDPC codes without introducing compilation overhead compared to surface-code PBC architectures.