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arXiv:2610.08437

An unified approach for the (inverted) quantum harmonic oscillator and the Berry-Keating hamiltonian

Fabio Bagarello, Emanuele Balistreri, Sergey Kuzhel

math-phquant-phSubmitted Oct 6, 2026• Announced Oct 7, 2026
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Abstract

We propose an unified view to three well known quadratic Hamiltonians widely considered in quantum mechanics, i.e. those of the harmonic oscillator, of the inverted harmonic oscillator, and the Berry-Keating Hamiltonian. We describe an unified approach to determine the discrete spectrum of these operators, and to deduce their (generalized) eigenstates. We also look at these Hamiltonians as the generators of $\mathfrak{su}(1,1)$, and of a generalized version of it relevant in presence of non Hermitian generators.

Comments
A slightly different version is accepted in Journal of Mathematical Physics

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We propose an unified view to three well known quadratic Hamiltonians widely considered in quantum mechanics, i.e. those of the harmonic oscillator, of the inverted harmonic oscillator, and the Berry-Keating Hamiltonian. We describe an unified approach to determine the discrete spectrum of these operators, and to deduce their (generalized) eigenstates. We also look at these Hamiltonians as the generators of su(1,1)\mathfrak{su}(1,1)su(1,1), and of a generalized version of it relevant in presence of non Hermitian generators.
Abstract We use the invariant operator method to investigate the quantum characteristics of the inverted oscillator. We introduce a unitary transformation that maps a time-dependent general Hermitian linear invariant operator to a time-independent one, which describes a harmonic oscillator with a unit mass and a constant frequency. Our investigation includes three distinguished cases: negative frequency, zero frequency, and positive frequency. Our most interesting result concerns the last case. For the case of negative frequency, we propose a new inner product by the introduction of the new metric operator η. Coherent state for this case will be constructed.
The family of metric operators, constructed by Musumbu et al ( 2007 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 F75 ), for a harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian augmented by a non-Hermitian -symmetric part, is re-examined in the light of an su(1,1) approach. An alternative derivation, only relying on properties of su(1,1) generators, is proposed. Being independent of the realization considered for the latter, it opens the way towards the construction of generalized non-Hermitian (not necessarily -symmetric) oscillator Hamiltonians related by similarity to Hermitian ones. Some examples of them are reviewed.
The family of metric operators, constructed by Musumbu et al (2007 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 F75), for a harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian augmented by a non-Hermitian PT-symmetric part, is re-examined in the light of an su(1,1) approach. An alternative derivation, only relying on properties of su(1,1) generators, is proposed. Being independent of the realization considered for the latter, it opens the way towards the construction of generalized non-Hermitian (not necessarily PT-symmetric) oscillator Hamiltonians related by similarity to Hermitian ones. Some examples of them are reviewed. Short title: Non-Hermitian oscillator Hamiltonian and su(1,1)
Abstract We deduce the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of a parameter-dependent Hamiltonian H θ which is closely related to the Swanson Hamiltonian, and we construct bi-coherent states for it. After that, we show how and in which sense the eigensystem of the Hamiltonian H of the inverted quantum harmonic oscillator can be deduced from that of H θ . We show that there is no need to introduce a different scalar product using some ad hoc metric operator, as suggested by other authors. Indeed we prove that a distributional approach is sufficient to deal with the Hamiltonian H of the inverted oscillator.
By modifying and generalizing known supersymmetric models, we are able to find four different sets of one-dimensional Hamiltonians for the inverted harmonic oscillator. The first set of Hamiltonians is derived by extending the supersymmetric quantum mechanics with reflections to non-Hermitian supercharges. The second set is obtained by generalizing the supersymmetric quantum mechanics valid for non-Hermitian supercharges with the Dunkl derivative instead of [Formula: see text]. Also, by changing the derivative [Formula: see text] by the Dunkl derivative in the creation and annihilation-type operators of the standard inverted harmonic oscillator [Formula: see text], we generate the third set of Hamiltonians. The fourth set of Hamiltonians emerges by allowing a parameter of the supersymmetric two-body Calogero-type model to take imaginary values. The eigensolutions of definite parity for each set of Hamiltonians are given.