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arXiv:2609.30125

Transport and Channel Normal Forms for Clifford Interactions

Xiong Chunhe, Kim Sunho, Zhang Qing-Hua, Fei Shao-Ming, Wu Junde

quant-phSubmitted Sep 24, 2026• Announced Sep 25, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study how Clifford interactions with a fixed environment determine quantum transmission, in a setting that extends positive discrete quantum convolution . We characterize when Clifford operations on the environment can be replaced by operations on the signal input and the two outputs, and classify the interactions under local Clifford transformations . For pure stabilizer environments, we determine the noiseless, dephasing, and completely depolarizing parts of the channel directly from the interaction and environmental stabilizers, obtaining its quantum and private capacities . This reveals a distinction between interactions: those locally equivalent to positive convolution produce entanglement-breaking channels for every pure stabilizer environment, whereas every other interaction in the class admits noiseless quantum transmission with a suitable pure stabilizer environment . For positive convolution, environmental Clifford transport also allows us to separate the stabilized coordinates of an arbitrary mixed environment . These coordinates carry only a classical label shared by the receiver and environment, so removing them preserves quantum and private capacities . The resulting channel reduction yields a private-capacity bound by the modified relative entropy of magic of the environmental state .

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We study how Clifford interactions with a fixed environment determine quantum transmission, in a setting that extends positive discrete quantum convolution . We characterize when Clifford operations on the environment can be replaced by operations on the signal input and the two outputs, and classify the interactions under local Clifford transformations . For pure stabilizer environments, we determine the noiseless, dephasing, and completely depolarizing parts of the channel directly from the interaction and environmental stabilizers, obtaining its quantum and private capacities . This reveals a distinction between interactions: those locally equivalent to positive convolution produce entanglement-breaking channels for every pure stabilizer environment, whereas every other interaction in the class admits noiseless quantum transmission with a suitable pure stabilizer environment . For positive convolution, environmental Clifford transport also allows us to separate the stabilized coordinates of an arbitrary mixed environment . These coordinates carry only a classical label shared by the receiver and environment, so removing them preserves quantum and private capacities . The resulting channel reduction yields a private-capacity bound by the modified relative entropy of magic of the environmental state .
We investigate the private capacity of quantum channels using the recently proposed quantum convolution theory for discrete-variable quantum systems. We focus on the role of the magic resource played in this framework. Firstly, for a large class of convolutional channels, we find that the private capacity is zero if the fixed environmental state is a stabilizer state. Moreover, we show that the private capacity can be nonzero for some magic environmental states. Furthermore, we show that the private capacity of a discrete beam splitter unitary is upper-bounded by the amount of magic of the environmental state. In addition, if the environmental state exhibits a certain symmetric structure, even if it is magic, the corresponding private capacity will also vanish for a class of convolution. These results emphasize the role of magic resources in quantum communication
We study the recently developed theory of quantum convolution for discrete-variable quantum systems. We classify the discrete quantum convolutional channels generated by an invertible 2×22\times22×2 coupling matrix and a fixed environmental state according to which entries of the coupling ma- trix vanish. Under role-preserving basis relabelings, matrices with all four entries nonzero form d−2d-2d−2 canonical cross-ratio classes, whereas matrices with exactly one vanishing entry split into four inequivalent branches. We determine the optimized one-shot Holevo information and the classical, quantum, and private capacities for all four one-entry-vanishing branches. If a diago- nal entry vanishes, the channel is an entanglement-breaking measure-and-prepare orbit channel: its classical capacity equals a relative entropy coherence of the environmental state, whereas its quantum and private capacities vanish. If an off-diagonal entry vanishes, the channel is a degradable generalized-dephasing channel: one complete orthonormal basis is transmitted without error, whereas the quantum and private capacities are determined by the entropy deficit of the environ-ental state after dephasing in the conjugate basis. Thus, the position of a single vanishing entry selects two qualitatively different communication regimes. When all four entries are nonzero, the channels are irreducibly Weyl covariant, reducing the classical-capacity problem to a regularized minimum-output-entropy problem. For the unique fully nonzero coupling class in the single-qutrit case, we further derive an exact Holevo formula for a depolarized one-parameter family and identify its entanglement-breaking threshold.
Quantum convolution provides a discrete-variable analogue of classical convolution, with the mean state capturing the stabilizer structure preserved under repeated convolution. We establish a finite-step entropy hierarchy generated by compatible stabilizer dephasings. Along every compatible isotropic flag, the entropy increases toward the mean-state entropy ceiling, while the relative-entropy distance to the mean state decomposes exactly into successive coherence losses and a terminal classical nonuniformity. Optimizing over compatible subspaces yields an intrinsic entropy profile of the state. For quantum convolutional channels, Weyl covariance reduces the one-shot classical communication problem to minimal output entropy. A spectral-transfer argument shows that suitable stabilizer inputs reproduce stabilizer-measurement distributions of the environment as channel-output spectra. This gives a computable Holevo lower bound over all complete stabilizer measurements; its compatible restriction is characterized by the entropy hierarchy and refines the previous mean-state bound of Bu, Gu, and Jaffe. The bound is exact for stabilizer-diagonal environments, for which the Holevo capacity is strongly additive, and yields a single-letter formula for a nonstabilizer qutrit family. The same family also exhibits a coexistence region with simultaneously positive classical and quantum communication rates
Abstract Stabilizer convolution channels in odd-prime dimensions have a natural description in finite-field phase space. We analyze these channels using Clifford symmetry and show that, for a fixed environmental state, the maximal single-letter coherent information is unchanged under Clifford-equivalent choices of the stabilizer convolution matrix. This reduces the apparently quadratic family of admissible stabilizer convolutions, at the one-use level, to sign-orbit classes of a single finite-field parameter. We also isolate quadratic cases in which the induced Clifford symmetry becomes either the identity or phase-space inversion; these cases give symmetry-protected families with zero maximal single-letter coherent information. To complement this symmetry analysis, we introduce a minimal weighted magic entropy and prove that it sharpens the magic-relative-entropy upper bound for positive convolution channels at the single-letter level. Finally, we define the single-letter coherent-information power of a convolution and show that the optimizing environmental state may be taken to be pure. Small-dimensional numerical examples illustrate the sign-orbit classification and show that coherent-information enhancement is governed by the finite-field convolution parameter rather than by dimension alone.
Recent examples have shown that zero private capacity need not imply antidegradability and that two channels with zero private capacity can nevertheless transmit private information together. Existing entropic channel orders compare what a receiver and its environment can learn and thereby bound capacities. We connect these orders to the recent constructions through binary estimation, whose minimum mean-square error is governed by measured χ2χ^2χ2 divergence. A new integral representation shows how measured χ2χ^2χ2 on a qubit extension recovers quantum χ2χ^2χ2. It lets us pass from complete measured-χ2χ^2χ2 ordering to complete quantum-χ2χ^2χ2, relative-entropy, and less-noisy ordering. Zhu and Wang used a signed lift to show that their qutrit channel has zero private capacity. We show that Hermitian-smoothed measured-χ2χ^2χ2 ordering characterizes when such lifts exist, even with a quantum reference. Environmental dominance in binary estimation at every blocklength yields a finite-code reliability--secrecy bound. These results explain why complete comparison prevents activation with antidegradable helpers whereas regularized comparison alone does not. Building on that qutrit example, we establish this stability for a range of noisy Werner--Holevo channels, determine sharp private-capacity and antidegradability thresholds, and compute exact complementary capacities in a nondegradable range. By contrast, we extend Pauli half-erasure activation to all 1/2≤p<11/2\le p<11/2≤p<1 and establish the same range for a new four-level family. Reference-assisted measured-χ2χ^2χ2 witnesses show why these activating constructions lack complete comparison.
Private communication over a noisy quantum channel requires reliable transmission to the receiver and secrecy from the environment. Whether two channels with zero private capacity can jointly enable private communication is a longstanding open problem in quantum information theory. Here we resolve this problem by exhibiting a four-level channel and a qubit erasure channel with half erasure probability, each with zero private capacity, whose joint use achieves more than 0.0001903 private bits per product use. The encoding gives the receiver a linear information gain with at most quadratic environmental leakage, enabling privacy through a fixed joint measurement and classical coding. This superactivation, impossible for independent classical memoryless wiretap channels, shows that a channel's private capacity alone does not determine its value for secure communication. The initial activation example was identified through interactions with large language models, and the result has been formalized in Lean 4.