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arXiv:2609.15632

A Nonrecursive Lindblad Quantization of Dissipative Polynomial Dynamics

Tingfei Li

quant-phnlin.CDSubmitted Sep 14, 2026• Announced Sep 15, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present a direct and nonrecursive construction that maps an arbitrary planar polynomial dissipative flow $\dotα=h(α,α^*)$ to an open quantum system in Gorini--Kossakowski--Sudarshan--Lindblad form. Given the homogeneous components of the classical drift, the corresponding Hamiltonian and collapse-operator blocks are obtained algebraically and independently at each degree. No recursive cancellation of lower-order terms is required: in the large-amplitude limit $|α|\sim S\to\infty$, ordering-generated lower-degree terms are parametrically suppressed, while mean-field closure yields the prescribed leading $O(S)$ drift for semiclassically localized states. This provides a simple and systematic route from dissipative classical dynamics to explicit open-quantum-system realizations, without claiming a unique microscopic quantization of the classical flow. We demonstrate the construction for stable fixed points, a Hopf bifurcation, and a bistable-ring flow. The corresponding Liouvillian spectra recover the classical relaxation exponents, the radial Floquet exponent and neutral phase direction of a limit cycle, and the separation between local relaxation and inter-ring switching in the bistable case. These examples show that the construction can be used not only to analyze a given quantum model, but also to design open quantum systems with prescribed classical dynamical structures in the semiclassical limit.

Comments
15 pages. This is a preliminary note; comments and corrections are welcome

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We present a direct and nonrecursive construction that maps an arbitrary planar polynomial dissipative flow α˙=h(α,α∗)\dotα=h(α,α^*)α˙=h(α,α∗) to an open quantum system in Gorini--Kossakowski--Sudarshan--Lindblad form. Given the homogeneous components of the classical drift, the corresponding Hamiltonian and collapse-operator blocks are obtained algebraically and independently at each degree. No recursive cancellation of lower-order terms is required: in the large-amplitude limit ∣α∣∼S→∞|α|\sim S\to\infty∣α∣∼S→∞, ordering-generated lower-degree terms are parametrically suppressed, while mean-field closure yields the prescribed leading O(S)O(S)O(S) drift for semiclassically localized states. This provides a simple and systematic route from dissipative classical dynamics to explicit open-quantum-system realizations, without claiming a unique microscopic quantization of the classical flow. We demonstrate the construction for stable fixed points, a Hopf bifurcation, and a bistable-ring flow. The corresponding Liouvillian spectra recover the classical relaxation exponents, the radial Floquet exponent and neutral phase direction of a limit cycle, and the separation between local relaxation and inter-ring switching in the bistable case. These examples show that the construction can be used not only to analyze a given quantum model, but also to design open quantum systems with prescribed classical dynamical structures in the semiclassical limit.
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We develop a Lie-Jordan geometric formulation of finite-dimensional open quantum dynamics, building on the algebraic framework introduced in our previous work (arXiv:2606.26477). The Hilbert-Schmidt operator space is endowed with an orthonormal Hermitian basis, in which the commutator and anticommutator are encoded by the structure tensors CμνλC_{μν}{}^λCμν​λ and BμνλB_{μν}{}^λBμν​λ. Within this formulation, the von Neumann and Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan equations admit a direct component representation. Our central result is the identification of a basis-independent universal trilinear dissipative map, D(X,Y)Z=XZY−12{YX,Z}, \mathcal D(X,Y)Z=XZY-\frac12\{YX,Z\}, D(X,Y)Z=XZY−21​{YX,Z}, whose components define a universal operator-space tensor depending only on the Lie-Jordan structure tensors. The physical dissipator is obtained by contracting this tensor with the expansion coefficients of the Lindblad operators and the Kossakowski matrix, thereby separating the universal algebraic structure from the model-dependent physical information. We further show that the combinations (B+C)(B+C)(B+C) and (B−C)(B-C)(B−C) generate internal left and right transports, allowing the elementary dissipative map to be expressed as a left-right bimodule action corrected by an ordered Jordan contribution. The universal map satisfies basis-independent trace and Hermitian-conjugation identities, from which trace preservation, Hermiticity preservation of the complete dissipator, and the reality of its component representation in a Hermitian Hilbert-Schmidt basis follow. We also derive its Hilbert-Schmidt adjoint and illustrate the formalism for a qubit with pure dephasing and amplitude-damping channels. This construction provides a tensorial and affine-geometric interpretation of the universal superoperator structure derived in arXiv:2606.26477 while keeping the algebraic and model-dependent sectors explicitly separated.
We derive sufficient criteria that guarantee convergence of open quantum system dynamics to a unique long-time state independent of the initial conditions. We refer to this behavior as complete relaxation. Focusing on systems described by Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) master equations on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, our approach uses only elementary mathematical arguments. For autonomous systems, we recover three previously derived relaxation criteria, which can be expressed as algebraic conditions on the Lindblad operators and the Hamiltonian entering the GKSL equation. For periodically driven systems, we obtain a new criterion involving a similar algebraic condition and a local continuity requirement on the time-dependent GKSL generator. This result implies an earlier criterion for complete relaxation formulated in Ref. [J. Phys. A 52, 43LT01 (2019)]. We also discuss implications of our approach for periodically modulated classical master equations, as well as extensions to driven systems without a periodicity constraint.
We develop a recursive perturbative expansion for the time-convolutionless generator of an open quantum system in a generalized Lindblad form. This formulation provides a systematic approach to derive the generator at arbitrary order while preserving a Lindblad-like structure, without imposing assumptions on the system or environment beyond an initially uncorrelated state. The generator is written, at all orders, in a canonical form, which also corresponds to the minimal dissipation condition, which uniquely specifies the decomposition of the generator into Hamiltonian and dissipative contributions. To validate the method and show its effectiveness in addressing non-Markovian dynamics and strong-coupling effects, we compute the generator explicitly up to fourth order.
We investigate the algebraic structure underlying the Lindblad equation for finite-dimensional open quantum systems. By introducing a suitable operator representation of the Liouville superoperator, we show that the dynamics can be formulated in terms of a closed algebra of Hermitian operators that is independent of the particular physical model. This formulation reveals that dissipative dynamics requires a substantially richer algebraic structure than purely unitary evolution, thereby providing a clear characterization of the additional complexity introduced by the Lindbladian. The resulting framework naturally leads to parametrizations of the dynamical map and to differential equations governing its evolution. We further derive recursion relations that enable the efficient construction of the algebra for systems of increasing dimension. Because the algebraic basis is universal, while all model-dependent information enters through a single set of coefficients, the proposed approach significantly reduces the computational cost of constructing the Liouville superoperator compared with direct methods. To facilitate the implementation of the method, we provide a Mathematica notebook containing a one-qubit example that can be systematically extended to an arbitrary number of qubits. The proposed framework therefore provides both a general mathematical description of finite-dimensional Lindblad dynamics and a practical foundation for efficient analytical and numerical implementations.
This work presents a structural reformulation of quantum dynamics based on a scalar coherence functional defined over a general state space. The framework distinguishes two mathematically natural classes of dynamics generated by such a functional:(i) gradient flows, which monotonically increase coherence and correspond to stabilization or selection processes, and(ii) antisymmetric flows, which conserve coherence and generate reversible dynamics. We show that standard unitary quantum mechanics arises as a special case when the state space is a complex Hilbert space, the coherence functional is chosen as the negative energy expectation, and the antisymmetric structure corresponds to the canonical complex structure. In this setting, the Schrödinger equation follows directly from the formalism, without postulating unitarity as an independent axiom. The framework is extended to open systems using the density-operator formalism and completely positive trace-preserving maps. Under standard assumptions (Markovianity, continuity, and semigroup structure), the reduced dynamics takes the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad form, with dissipative terms interpreted as coherence-stabilizing dynamics. A supporting lemma demonstrates exponential suppression of off-diagonal density matrix elements under dephasing Lindblad operators. Using the Wigner phase-space representation, we further show that conservative coherence dynamics reduces to classical Liouville transport in the semiclassical regime, with quantum corrections governed by the Moyal bracket expansion. This work does not propose a modification of quantum theory. Rather, it offers a structural reorganization of existing formalisms. All results remain fully compatible with standard quantum mechanics while providing a unified perspective on unitary evolution, decoherence, and the emergence of classical behavior. Related work. A companion technical note, Structural Decomposition of SRG Recursion into Flow, Phase, and Closure (Halldórsson & ChatGPT, 2025, Zenodo), develops a discrete dynamical-systems formulation of SRG-style recursion and connects it explicitly to Lemmas 2.5, 2.7, and 2.9 of the present work.