Mass Dependence of Araki Relative Entropy through Modular Theory

Abstract

Building on the established one-particle formula for the Araki relative entropy of coherent states, we study how its value acquires a nontrivial dependence on the mass of the scalar field. For a localized vector $h$ belonging to the standard subspace $H_m$ of the one-particle Hilbert space, the known quadratic-form expression is: $S_{H_m}(h)=-\langle h,\logδ_{H_m}\,h\rangle$. Our contribution is to construct explicitly a mass-indexed family of vectors of the wedge standard subspace on which this expression is evaluated. The mass-shell map $h_m=E_mf$ organizes four structural conditions on rapidity representatives---on-shell dependence, a controlled massless boundary value, decay for large real rapidity, and Bisognano--Wichmann strip analyticity---and we exhibit an entire rapidity wave function, built from a doubled light-cone phase, two sinc factors, and a Gaussian pair, that satisfies them together with the sharp localization criterion: Hardy-type $L^2$ control throughout the Bisognano--Wichmann strip and the exact Tomita boundary relation. The family therefore belongs to $H_m(\W_R)$ for every $m>0$, and its Araki relative entropy is finite and strictly positive, with an exact spectral representation that makes positivity manifest. The entropy is strongly suppressed at large mass, attains a maximum at intermediate mass in $1+1$ dimension, and converges to a finite value along the modular flow as $m\to0^+$. The construction extends fiberwise to $1{+}d$ dimensions through the transverse mass.