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arXiv:2608.22357

Spinning giant optomechanical cavity with nonreciprocal self-interference

Yao-Tong Chen

quant-phSubmitted Aug 23, 2026• Announced Aug 25, 2026
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Abstract

We study a spinning optomechanical cavity that is coupled to a meandering waveguide at multiple spatially separated points, forming a giant-cavity configuration. The resulting self-interference makes the effective optical driving, linewidth, and frequency shift strongly dependent on the propagation phase in the waveguide, while the rotation-induced Sagnac-Fizeau shift causes the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) cavity modes to experience distinct interference phases. Under single-tone driving, this mechanism enables phase-controlled phonon cooling and, in the presence of cavity rotation, nonreciprocal cooling, with one propagation direction approaching the mechanical ground-state regime while the opposite direction remains less efficiently cooled. Under two-tone driving, the same interference mechanism engineers a squeezed reservoir for the mechanical mode, producing steady-state squeezing that likewise becomes nonreciprocal under cavity rotation. These results establish multi-point self-interference as a versatile mechanism for phase-controlled optomechanical reservoir engineering and show that, when combined with cavity rotation, it provides a route to nonreciprocal quantum effects.

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We study a spinning optomechanical cavity that is coupled to a meandering waveguide at multiple spatially separated points, forming a giant-cavity configuration. The resulting self-interference makes the effective optical driving, linewidth, and frequency shift strongly dependent on the propagation phase in the waveguide, while the rotation-induced Sagnac-Fizeau shift causes the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) cavity modes to experience distinct interference phases. Under single-tone driving, this mechanism enables phase-controlled phonon cooling and, in the presence of cavity rotation, nonreciprocal cooling, with one propagation direction approaching the mechanical ground-state regime while the opposite direction remains less efficiently cooled. Under two-tone driving, the same interference mechanism engineers a squeezed reservoir for the mechanical mode, producing steady-state squeezing that likewise becomes nonreciprocal under cavity rotation. These results establish multi-point self-interference as a versatile mechanism for phase-controlled optomechanical reservoir engineering and show that, when combined with cavity rotation, it provides a route to nonreciprocal quantum effects.
A scheme of nonreciprocal conventional phonon blockade (PB) is proposed in a spinning optomechanical resonator coupled with a two-level atom. The coherent coupling between the atom and breathing mode is mediated by the optical mode with a large detuning. Due to the Fizeau shift caused by the spinning resonator, the PB can be implemented in a nonreciprocal way. Specifically, when the spinning resonator is driven from one direction, the single-phonon (1PB) and two-phonon blockade (2PB) can be achieved by adjusting both the amplitude and frequency of the mechanical drive field, while phonon-induced tunneling (PIT) occurs when the spinning resonator is driven from the opposite direction. The PB effects are insensitive to cavity decay because of the adiabatic elimination of the optical mode, thus making the scheme more robust to the optical noise and still feasible even in a low-Q cavity. Our scheme provides a flexible method for engineering a unidirectional phonon source with external control, which is expected to be used as a chiral quantum device in quantum computing networks.
We investigate chiral emission and the single-photon scattering of spinning cavities coupled to a meandering waveguide at multiple coupling points. It is shown that nonreciprocal photon transmissions occur in the cavities-waveguide system, which stems from interference effects among different coupling points, and frequency shifts induced by the Sagnac effect. The nonlocal interference is akin to the mechanism in giant atoms. In the single-cavity setup, by optimizing the spinning velocity and number of coupling points, the chiral factor can approach 1, and the chiral direction can be freely switched. Moreover, destructive interference gives rise to the complete photon transmission in one direction over the whole optical frequency band, with no analogy in other quantum setups. In the multiple-cavity system, we also investigate the photon transport properties. The results indicate a directional information flow between different nodes. Our proposal provides a novel way to achieve quantum nonreciprocal devices, which can be applied in large-scale quantum chiral networks with optical waveguides.
We propose a scheme for achieving nonreciprocal phonon blockade in a quadratic optomechanical (QOM) system consisting of two spinning resonators near-field coupled to a nanomechanical oscillator. Due to the Sagnac-Fizeau effect, pump fields propagating in opposite directions experience distinct effective detunings,thereby leading to asymmetric intracavity intensities. Through the optical spring effect, this intensity imbalance gives rise to direction-dependent shifts in the effective mechanical frequency, providing the core mechanism for nonreciprocal phonon blockade. By judiciously setting parameters, single-phonon resonant excitation leads to conventional phonon blockade for one pump direction, whereas two-phonon resonance facilitates phononinduced tunneling (PIT) for the other. The pronounced nonreciprocity is quantified by a contrast ratio in the phonon second-order correlation function exceeding 55 dB. To elucidate the nonreciprocal statistics, the phonon blockade is further analyzed in terms of interference between the coherent component and squeezed fluctuations. Incorporating thermal phonons, we reveal an extended nonreciprocal thermal effect, where increasing thermal noise degrades antibunching toward Poissonian statistics in one direction, yet reverses the statistics from bunching to antibunching in the opposite direction. Our work provides a pathway toward nonreciprocal phonon devices and directional phonon switches, with potential applications in chiral networks and phononic information processing.
Abstract Quantum entanglement between distant massive mechanical oscillators is an important resource in sensitive measurements and quantum information processing. We achieve the nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement in a compound optomechanical device consisting of two mechanical oscillators and a spinning whispering-gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonator. It is found that obvious nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement emerges in this system in the presence of the Sagnac effect which is induced by the rotation of the WGM resonator, and the nonreciprocal region can be controlled by tuning the angular velocity of the rotation. The nonreciprocity originates from the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry of this multimode system due to the presence of the Sagnac effect. The optomechanical coupling and the mechanical interaction provide cooling channels for the first and second mechanical oscillators, respectively. Two mechanical oscillators can be cooled simultaneously. The simultaneous cooling and the mechanical coupling of two mechanical oscillators ensure the generation of mechanical entanglement. Furthermore, an optimal mechanical entanglement can be achieved when the moderate optical frequency detuning and the driving power are chosen. The thermal noise of the mechanical environment has a negative effect on mechanical entanglement. Our scheme provides promising opportunities for research of quantum information processing based on phonons and sensitive measurements.
We propose a scheme to create nonreciprocal entanglement in a spinning cavity magnomechanical system. The setup comprises a whispering gallery mode resonator with two counterpropagating modes, simultaneously coupled to yttrium iron garnet. By spinning the resonator, the counterpropagating modes undergo an opposite Fizeau drag caused by the optical Sagnac effect. We show that in a spinning resonator, the cavity-magnon-phonon modes get entangled along a chosen direction while remaining fully uncorrelated in the other. The degree of nonreciprocity is determined by the drive detuning and the spinning velocity of the resonator. Our work provides a different route to achieve chiral control of quantum entanglement involving magnon-photon-phonon modes.
We demonstrate nonreciprocal optical transmission for both intense classical fields and weak quantum signals within a reconfigurable optomechanical platform driven by three-mode parametric interactions. The platform is modular, where each three-mode optomechanical system serves as a fundamental building block. Operating independently, a single block achieves nonreciprocity for classical fields. Specifically, asymmetric radiation pressure from intrinsic optomechanical nonlinearity induces nonreciprocal mechanical displacement, modulating the cavity intensity through optomechanical feedback. This enables full isolation of backward transmission without requiring parameter initialization. Alternatively, for quantum signals, the platform is reconfigured by activating photonic and phononic exchange channels between the two blocks. In this configuration, nonreciprocity arises from quantum interference between direct photon hopping and indirect conversion pathways. Constructive interference enables unidirectional low-loss transmission, while destructive interference completely suppresses the reverse direction. After adiabatically eliminating the auxiliary modes, the optimal nonreciprocal frequency and the trade-off between insertion loss and nonreciprocal bandwidth can be controlled by engineering optomechanically induced mechanical dissipation. Additionally, the three-mode-based device requires less control-field power than two-mode systems under resolved-sideband conditions, demonstrating versatile potential for optical nonreciprocity applications across classical and quantum domains.