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arXiv:2608.19305

Holographic Local Operator Quenches with Conserved Momentum and Spin

Pawel Caputa, Pedro Castellini Grand, Justin R. David, Rahul Metya

hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elquant-phSubmitted Aug 19, 2026• Announced Aug 21, 2026
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Abstract

We investigate the holographic dictionary relating point particles carrying longitudinal momentum or angular momentum in asymptotically AdS$_3$ spacetimes to suitably regulated, time-evolved states created by local primary operators in the dual two-dimensional conformal field theory (2D CFT). We find that asymmetric left/right Euclidean smearing of local operators produces states carrying momentum, and the corresponding bulk excitation is a particle with conserved momentum. We compute the energy density and entanglement entropy in these states and in their dual back-reacted geometries, finding exact agreement between the CFT and gravity descriptions. We further extend this correspondence to particles with intrinsic spin, whose CFT duals are primary operators with unequal holomorphic and anti-holomorphic scaling dimensions. We again find a precise match between CFT and holographic calculations of energy densities and entanglement entropies. Finally, we explore applications of these setups beyond holography by deriving the evolution of Rényi entropies in 2D rational CFTs and introducing a new class of local quantum quench protocols with conserved longitudinal or angular momentum.

Comments
51 pages, 7 figures

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We investigate the holographic dictionary relating point particles carrying longitudinal momentum or angular momentum in asymptotically AdS3_33​ spacetimes to suitably regulated, time-evolved states created by local primary operators in the dual two-dimensional conformal field theory (2D CFT). We find that asymmetric left/right Euclidean smearing of local operators produces states carrying momentum, and the corresponding bulk excitation is a particle with conserved momentum. We compute the energy density and entanglement entropy in these states and in their dual back-reacted geometries, finding exact agreement between the CFT and gravity descriptions. We further extend this correspondence to particles with intrinsic spin, whose CFT duals are primary operators with unequal holomorphic and anti-holomorphic scaling dimensions. We again find a precise match between CFT and holographic calculations of energy densities and entanglement entropies. Finally, we explore applications of these setups beyond holography by deriving the evolution of Rényi entropies in 2D rational CFTs and introducing a new class of local quantum quench protocols with conserved longitudinal or angular momentum.
We consider the entanglement entropy in 2d conformal field theory in a class of excited states produced by the insertion of a heavy local operator. These include both high-energy eigenstates of the Hamiltonian and time-dependent local quenches. We compute the universal contribution from the stress tensor to the single interval Renyi entropies and entanglement entropy, and conjecture that this dominates the answer in theories with a large central charge and a sparse spectrum of low-dimension operators. The resulting entanglement entropies agree precisely with holographic calculations in three-dimensional gravity. High-energy eigenstates are dual to microstates of the BTZ black hole, so the corresponding holographic calculation is a geodesic length in the black hole geometry; agreement between these two answers demonstrates that these individual microstates of holographic CFTs effectively thermalize at the level of the single-interval entanglement entropy. For local quenches, the dual geometry is a highly boosted black hole or conical defect. On the CFT side, the rise in entanglement entropy after a quench is directly related to the monodromy of a Virasoro conformal block.
We study the time evolution of single interval Rényi and entanglement entropies following local quantum quenches in two dimensional conformal field theories at finite temperature for which the locally excited states have a finite temporal width ϵ. We show that, for local quenches produced by the action of a conformal primary field, the time dependence of Rényi and entanglement entropies at order ϵ2 is universal. It is determined by the expectation value of the stress tensor in the replica geometry and proportional to the conformal dimension of the primary field generating the local excitation. We also show that in CFTs with a gravity dual, the ϵ2 correction to the holographic entanglement entropy following a local quench precisely agrees with the CFT prediction. We then consider CFTs admitting a higher spin symmetry and turn on a higher spin chemical potential μ. We calculate the time dependence of the order ϵ2 correction to the entanglement entropy for small μ, and show that the contribution at order μ 2 is universal. We verify our arguments against exact results for minimal models and the free fermion theory.
We study a family of locally excited states in two-dimensional conformal field theories in different setups, defined on the plane, on the cylinder, or at finite temperature. These states are constructed by assigning independent chiral and anti-chiral regulators to a local primary operator, leading to excitations carrying net momentum. We analytically calculate the first few Lanczos coefficients and the early time behaviour of the spread complexity associated with these states. Then, using numerical methods, we obtain the coefficients reaching larger Krylov indices and find the associated spread complexity for a longer range of time evolution. We also compare the rate of change of the resulting spread complexity with the proposed holographic dual quantity, related to the proper momentum of an infalling particle in the dual bulk, but we observe a mismatch.
We mainly study the Rényi entropy and entanglement entropy of the states locally excited by the descendent operators in two dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). In rational CFTs, we prove that the increase of entanglement entropy and Rényi entropy for a class of descendent operators, which are generated by L(−)L‾(−) {\mathrm{\mathcal{L}}}^{\left(-\right)}{\overline{\mathrm{\mathcal{L}}}}^{\left(-\right)} L(−)L(−) onto the primary operator, always coincide with the logarithmic of quantum dimension of the corresponding primary operator. That means the Rényi entropy and entanglement entropy for these descendent operators are the same as the ones of their corresponding primary operator. For 2D rational CFTs with a boundary, we confirm that the Rényi entropy always coincides with the logarithmic of quantum dimension of the primary operator during some periods of the evolution. Furthermore, we consider more general descendent operators generated by ∑d{ni}{nj}(∏iL−ni∏jL‾−nj) {\displaystyle \sum {d}_{\left\{{n}_i\right\}\left\{{n}_j\right\}}\left({\displaystyle {\prod}_i{L}_{-}{{}_n}_{{}_i}{\displaystyle {\prod}_j{{\overline{L}}_{-n}}_{{}_j}}}\right)} ∑d{ni​}{nj​}​(∏i​L−​n​i​​∏j​L−n​j​​) on the primary operator. For these operators, the entanglement entropy and Rényi entropy get additional corrections, as the mixing of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic Virasoro generators enhance the entanglement. Finally, we employ perturbative CFT techniques to evaluate the Rényi entropy of the excited operators in deformed CFT. The Rényi and entanglement entropies are increased, and get contributions not only from local excited operators but also from global deformation of the theory.
In this paper, we investigate the time evolution of entanglement entropy and mutual information for the spatially-infinite systems where we act with a primary operator on the vacuum state and then time-evolve it with the sequence of the Euclidean and Lorentzian time evolutions. Two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories describe the systems under consideration in this paper. The Euclidean time evolution is induced by the Rindler Hamiltonian and behaves as the regulator that tames the divergence induced by the local operator, while the Lorentzian one is induced by the uniform Hamiltonian. Under these time evolutions, we investigate the time ordering effect of the Rindler Euclidean and uniform Lorentzian time evolution operators. Consequently, we find the remarkable differences between those time evolutions are induced by whether those are unitary or non-unitary. Especially, we find that the unitary time evolution induces the late-time logarithmic growth of the entanglement entropy, while the non-unitary time evolution induces the late-time constant behavior. Furthermore, we investigate the dual gravity of the systems under consideration. Especially, we investigate the gravity duals of the systems with the insertion of the heavy primary operator and show that it is a black brane with a spacetime-dependent horizon.
In this paper we discuss the topics concerning the local excitation and coherent state in 2D CFT. It is shown that the local excitation of primary operator can be taken as a coherent state of the global conformal group. We also discuss the entanglement property of such state. For rational CFT the entanglement entropy between the holomorphic and anti-holomorphic sector of the local excitation of some primary operator is related to the quantum dimension of the operator, consistent with previous approach, but by a differentmethod. We comment on the possible application of so-defined group coherent state in the holographic view. We also study the coherent state in the free massless boson field, their time evolution and entanglement property. We introduce the deformed local excitation and the entangled state constructed by them. It is shown the violation of Bell inequality for such entangled state.