Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2608.10895

Boosting self hybridized exciton polaritons with metal clad WS2 waveguides

Filip Majstorovic, Masoud Taleb, Victor DeManuel-Gonzalez, Kai Rossnagel, Nahid Talebi

quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallphysics.opticsSubmitted Aug 11, 2026• Announced Aug 12, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The formation of Fabry Perot and guided wave self hybridized exciton polaritons in two dimensional materials results in long range exciton energy transfer and strong exciton exciton interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the coupling strength between photonic modes and excitons is significantly boosted by embedding the active excitonic layer in a metal clad WS2 waveguide. The photonic modes in this waveguide exhibit modified dispersion properties for both Fabry Perot type and guided wave exciton polaritons compared to pure WS2 flakes, and show an increased couplingr strength. Our results provide a robust approach for controlling exciton photon interactions and their coupling strength in hybrid heterostructures.

Related papers

Electron beam driven collective self hybridized exciton polaritons

Parsa Darman, Maximilian Black, Prabhdeep Singh +5 more

Self-hybridized exciton polaritons in layered semiconductors emerge from the hybridization of excitonic resonances with confined photonic modes in films and provide a versatile platform for controlling light--matter interactions at the nanoscale. Yet, the nature of exciton--photon interactions and the collective and synchronous strong coupling of multiple excitons to the same photonic mode remain largely unexplored. Here, we use complementary momentum-resolved photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy to compare self-hybridized exciton polaritons in Ruddlesden--Popper perovskite flakes under optical and electron-beam excitation. We find that cathodoluminescence exhibits remarkably larger polaritonic level repulsion than photoluminescence, revealing an enhanced effective coupling strength under electron-beam excitation. We attribute this enhancement to the collective coherent excitation of multiple excitons by fast electrons, which couple to the same photonic mode and increase the interaction strength according to a $g_N=g_1\sqrt{N}$ scaling, with an effective number of up to $N\approx23$ coherently coupled excitonic oscillators. By reducing the electron kinetic energy, we further uncover a crossover to a partially incoherent excitation regime in which higher-order Fabry--Pérot exciton-polariton resonances disappear, leaving only the lowest polariton branches while coherent transition radiation persists. This transition arises because low-energy electrons excite excitons over extended spatial volumes, washing out the phase coherence required to sustain collective coupling and form polaritonic resonances. Our work shows that electron beams can actively modify collective light--matter coupling in layered semiconductors and establishes cathodoluminescence as a route to access excitation regimes beyond all-optical excitation schemes.

quant-pharXiv:2609.07164•Sep 8, 2026

Two-dimensional exciton-polariton interactions beyond the Born approximation

Hui Hu, Hui Deng, Xia-Ji Liu

We present a many-body theory for the interactions of two-dimensional exciton-polaritons beyond the Born approximation. Taking into account Gaussian quantum fluctuations via the Bogoliubov theory, we find that the exciton-exciton scattering is strongly renormalized by the light-matter coupling and acquires an inverse logarithmic dependence on the lower polariton energy. As a result, the polariton interaction strength may be enhanced at red photon-exciton detuning when the exciton-exciton scattering length is large. We also derive the exact Tan relations for exciton-polaritons, calculate Tan's contact coefficient and find an even more significant enhancement. Our predictions may provide a qualitatively correct guide for studies of exciton and polariton nonlinearities and suggest a route to achieving strongly nonlinear polariton gases.

arXiv:2004.05559•Physical Review A•Dec 9, 2022•5 citations

Dark bogolon-excitons in a linear atomic super-lattice

Hashem Zoubi

Dark and bright excitons are shown to appear naturally in a linear atomic super-lattice with two atoms per unit cell.In bringing the super-lattice into a strong coupling regime with a one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguide, bright excitons and photons are coherently mixed to form polaritons. Treating excitons as bosons implies a mechanism that forbids two excitations from being in the same atomic state, which is included here through a bosonization procedure with kinematic interactions.Interestingly these interactions couple dark and bright excitons, which we exploit as a new tool for exciting dark states in a controllable way.We suggest a pump-probe experiment where two polaritons scatter into two dark excitons that are found to be correlated and are represented as dark bogolon excitons.The results can be adapted for any super-lattice of active materials; for example, of organic molecules.

arXiv:1411.3928•New Journal of Physics•Feb 18, 2015•0 citations

Strong photon interactions from weakly interacting particles

Arturo Camacho-Guardian, M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani, Thomas Pohl +1 more

The hybridization of light and matter excitations in the form of polaritons has enabled major advances in understanding and controlling optical nonlinearities. Entering the quantum regime of strong interactions between individual photons has, however, remained challenging since the strength of achievable polariton interactions is typically limited by the available interactions in the material. Here, we investigate collisions between dark-state polaritons in three-level systems and discover a resonant process that yields effective interactions, which are much larger than the underlying interaction between their matter constituents. We systematically investigate the underlying mechanism and demonstrate a substantial enhancement of polariton interactions by several orders of magnitude. This suggests a promising approach to quantum nonlinear optics in a range of physical settings, from atomic gases to excitons in semiconductors and two-dimensional bilayer materials.

arXiv:2202.11128•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Aug 15, 2022•8 citations

Dark bogolon-excitons in a linear atomic super-lattice

Zoubi, H.

Dark and bright excitons are shown to appear naturally in a linear atomic super-lattice with two atoms per unit cell.In bringing the super-lattice into a strong coupling regime with a onedimensional nanophotonic waveguide, bright excitons and photons are coherently mixed to form polaritons. Treating excitons as bosons implies a mechanism that forbids two excitations from being at the same atomic state, which is included here through a bosonization procedure with kinematic interactions.Interestingly these interactions couple dark and bright excitons, and which we exploit as a new tool for exciting dark states in a controllable way.We suggest a pump-probe experiment where two polaritons scatter into two dark excitons that found to be correlated and are represented as dark bogolon-excitons.The results can be adapted for any super-lattice of active materials, e.g., of organic molecules.

•Feb 18, 2015•0 citations

Strong coupling of ionising transitions

Erika Cortese, Iacopo Carusotto, R. Colombelli +1 more

We demonstrate that a ionising transition can be strongly coupled to a photonic resonator, leading to the appearance of a discrete optically active polaritonic resonance below the ionisation threshold. The matter component of such hybrid excitation corresponds to a bound exciton created by light-matter interaction. Applying our theory to the case of bound-to-continuum transitions in microcavity-embedded doped quantum wells, we show how those strong-coupling features can be exploited as a novel gauge to tune both optical and electronic properties of semiconductor heterostructures.

arXiv:1809.08876•Sep 24, 2018•0 citations
The formation of Fabry Perot and guided wave self hybridized exciton polaritons in two dimensional materials results in long range exciton energy transfer and strong exciton exciton interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the coupling strength between photonic modes and excitons is significantly boosted by embedding the active excitonic layer in a metal clad WS2 waveguide. The photonic modes in this waveguide exhibit modified dispersion properties for both Fabry Perot type and guided wave exciton polaritons compared to pure WS2 flakes, and show an increased couplingr strength. Our results provide a robust approach for controlling exciton photon interactions and their coupling strength in hybrid heterostructures.
Self-hybridized exciton polaritons in layered semiconductors emerge from the hybridization of excitonic resonances with confined photonic modes in films and provide a versatile platform for controlling light--matter interactions at the nanoscale. Yet, the nature of exciton--photon interactions and the collective and synchronous strong coupling of multiple excitons to the same photonic mode remain largely unexplored. Here, we use complementary momentum-resolved photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy to compare self-hybridized exciton polaritons in Ruddlesden--Popper perovskite flakes under optical and electron-beam excitation. We find that cathodoluminescence exhibits remarkably larger polaritonic level repulsion than photoluminescence, revealing an enhanced effective coupling strength under electron-beam excitation. We attribute this enhancement to the collective coherent excitation of multiple excitons by fast electrons, which couple to the same photonic mode and increase the interaction strength according to a gN=g1Ng_N=g_1\sqrt{N}gN​=g1​N​ scaling, with an effective number of up to N≈23N\approx23N≈23 coherently coupled excitonic oscillators. By reducing the electron kinetic energy, we further uncover a crossover to a partially incoherent excitation regime in which higher-order Fabry--Pérot exciton-polariton resonances disappear, leaving only the lowest polariton branches while coherent transition radiation persists. This transition arises because low-energy electrons excite excitons over extended spatial volumes, washing out the phase coherence required to sustain collective coupling and form polaritonic resonances. Our work shows that electron beams can actively modify collective light--matter coupling in layered semiconductors and establishes cathodoluminescence as a route to access excitation regimes beyond all-optical excitation schemes.
We present a many-body theory for the interactions of two-dimensional exciton-polaritons beyond the Born approximation. Taking into account Gaussian quantum fluctuations via the Bogoliubov theory, we find that the exciton-exciton scattering is strongly renormalized by the light-matter coupling and acquires an inverse logarithmic dependence on the lower polariton energy. As a result, the polariton interaction strength may be enhanced at red photon-exciton detuning when the exciton-exciton scattering length is large. We also derive the exact Tan relations for exciton-polaritons, calculate Tan's contact coefficient and find an even more significant enhancement. Our predictions may provide a qualitatively correct guide for studies of exciton and polariton nonlinearities and suggest a route to achieving strongly nonlinear polariton gases.
Dark and bright excitons are shown to appear naturally in a linear atomic super-lattice with two atoms per unit cell.In bringing the super-lattice into a strong coupling regime with a one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguide, bright excitons and photons are coherently mixed to form polaritons. Treating excitons as bosons implies a mechanism that forbids two excitations from being in the same atomic state, which is included here through a bosonization procedure with kinematic interactions.Interestingly these interactions couple dark and bright excitons, which we exploit as a new tool for exciting dark states in a controllable way.We suggest a pump-probe experiment where two polaritons scatter into two dark excitons that are found to be correlated and are represented as dark bogolon excitons.The results can be adapted for any super-lattice of active materials; for example, of organic molecules.
The hybridization of light and matter excitations in the form of polaritons has enabled major advances in understanding and controlling optical nonlinearities. Entering the quantum regime of strong interactions between individual photons has, however, remained challenging since the strength of achievable polariton interactions is typically limited by the available interactions in the material. Here, we investigate collisions between dark-state polaritons in three-level systems and discover a resonant process that yields effective interactions, which are much larger than the underlying interaction between their matter constituents. We systematically investigate the underlying mechanism and demonstrate a substantial enhancement of polariton interactions by several orders of magnitude. This suggests a promising approach to quantum nonlinear optics in a range of physical settings, from atomic gases to excitons in semiconductors and two-dimensional bilayer materials.
Dark and bright excitons are shown to appear naturally in a linear atomic super-lattice with two atoms per unit cell.In bringing the super-lattice into a strong coupling regime with a onedimensional nanophotonic waveguide, bright excitons and photons are coherently mixed to form polaritons. Treating excitons as bosons implies a mechanism that forbids two excitations from being at the same atomic state, which is included here through a bosonization procedure with kinematic interactions.Interestingly these interactions couple dark and bright excitons, and which we exploit as a new tool for exciting dark states in a controllable way.We suggest a pump-probe experiment where two polaritons scatter into two dark excitons that found to be correlated and are represented as dark bogolon-excitons.The results can be adapted for any super-lattice of active materials, e.g., of organic molecules.
We demonstrate that a ionising transition can be strongly coupled to a photonic resonator, leading to the appearance of a discrete optically active polaritonic resonance below the ionisation threshold. The matter component of such hybrid excitation corresponds to a bound exciton created by light-matter interaction. Applying our theory to the case of bound-to-continuum transitions in microcavity-embedded doped quantum wells, we show how those strong-coupling features can be exploited as a novel gauge to tune both optical and electronic properties of semiconductor heterostructures.