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arXiv:2607.24936

Momentum-Selective Two-Component Excitations in Electron-Doped Mott Insulators

Zeyu Han, Can Cui, Jiaxin Zhang, Zheng-Yu Weng

Published Jul 27, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Experimental studies reveal a striking asymmetry in low-energy single-particle excitations between electron- and hole-doped cuprates. Electron-doped cuprates display a nontrivial dichotomy: Fermi-liquid-like behavior (suggesting weaker electronic correlations) coexists with correlation-driven features typical of hole-doped systems. This dual nature challenges a unified description within a doped Mott insulator framework. The present work addresses this issue by establishing that the ground-state wave function of the $t$-$t'$-$J$ model generically possesses a two-component structure, comprising a coherent quasiparticle and an incoherent composite component. The kinetic energy arises from both the intrinsic propagation of the coherent quasiparticle and the resonance between these components. Using variational Monte Carlo at the level of a single hole, we show that for hole doping ($t'<0$), this resonance between components dominates and concentrates in the nodal region at low energies. This emergent propagation induced by resonance can be physically interpreted as originating from the recombination of fractionalized degrees of freedom, which drives various phenomena associated with strong correlations. Conversely, for electron doping ($t'>0$), the coherent quasiparticle propagation, which exhibits conventional properties of a Fermi liquid, is selectively enhanced in the antinodal region at low energies. This produces a separation in momentum space for systems with electron doping: the antinodal spectral weight at low energies is governed by the coherent quasiparticle, fundamentally differing from the nodal region, which remains dominated by the incoherent composite component. Motivated by such a structure and guided by experimental observations, we propose a phenomenological Green's function at finite doping, yielding spectral features consistent with experiments.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2607.24936

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In this paper we investigate the zero-temperature doping-driven evolution of a superconductor toward the Mott insulator in a two-dimensional electron model, relevant for high-temperature superconductivity. To this purpose we use a cluster extension of dynamical mean-field theory. Our results show that a standard ddd-wave superconductor, realized at high doping, is driven into the Mott insulator via an intermediate superconducting state displaying unconventional physical properties. By restoring the translational invariance of the lattice, we give an interpretation of these findings in momentum space. In particular, we show that at a finite doping a strong momentum-space differentiation takes place: non-Fermi liquid and insulatinglike (pseudogap) characters rise in some regions (antinodes), while Fermi liquid quasiparticles survive in other regions (nodes) of momentum space. We describe the consequence of these happenings on the spectral properties, stressing in particular the behavior of the superconducting gap, which reveals two distinct nodal and antinodal energy scales as a function of doping, detected in photoemission and Raman spectroscopy experiments. We study and compare with experimental results the doping-dependent behavior of other physical quantities, such as for instance, the nodal quasiparticle velocity (extracted in angle-resolved photoemission) and the low-energy slopes of the local density of states and of the Raman scattering response. We then propose a description of the evolution of the electronic structure while approaching the Mott transition. We show that, within our formalism, a strong asymmetry naturally arises in the local density of states, measured in scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We investigate in detail the doping evolution of the electronic bands, focusing on the kinklike quasiparticle dispersion observed with angle-resolved photoemission in specific cuts of the momentum-energy space. We finally show the consequences of the properties presented above in the doping dependence of the Hall resistivity, measured in magnetotransport experiments.
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A central issue of Mott physics, with symmetries being fully retained in the spin background, concerns the charge excitation. In a two-leg spin ladder with a spin gap, an injected hole can exhibit either a Bloch wave or a density wave by tuning the ladder anisotropy through a ``quantum critical point'' (QCP). The nature of such a QCP has been a subject of recent studies by density matrix renormalization group. In this paper, we reexamine the ground state of the one doped hole, and show that a two-component structure is present in the density wave regime, in contrast to the single component in the Bloch-wave regime. In the former, the density wave itself is still contributed by a standing-wave-like component characterized by a quasiparticle spectral weight ZZZ in a finite-size system. But there is an additional charge incoherent component emerging, which intrinsically breaks the translational symmetry associated with the density wave. The partial momentum is carried away by neutral spin excitations. Such an incoherent part does not manifest in the single-particle spectral function, directly probed by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement, however, it is demonstrated in the momentum distribution function. Landau's one-to-one correspondence hypothesis for a Fermi liquid breaks down here. The microscopic origin of this density wave state as an intrinsic manifestation of the doped Mott physics will be also discussed.