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arXiv:2607.24258

MPStab: an hybrid stabilizers tensor-network quantum circuit simulator

Giulio Crognaletti, Mattia Robbiano, Michele Grossi, Matteo Robbiati

quant-phSubmitted Jul 27, 2026• Announced Jul 28, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

The development of techniques for simulating quantum systems using classical computers is a paramount task for two primary reasons: i) there exist configurations for which classical computers are remarkably effective and will continue to be so, and ii) exploring the limits of classical computation facilitates the identification of the regimes of competence for quantum computers. In this work, we present MPStab, a quantum circuit simulator based on a hybrid formalism combining stabilizers and tensor networks, recently introduced in Ref. [1]. We present the package, its core functionalities, and explore its performances in a few interesting simulation regimes.

Comments
13 pages and 9 figures. Package code open source at: https://github.com/MatteoRobbiati/mpstab

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The development of techniques for simulating quantum systems using classical computers is a paramount task for two primary reasons: i) there exist configurations for which classical computers are remarkably effective and will continue to be so, and ii) exploring the limits of classical computation facilitates the identification of the regimes of competence for quantum computers. In this work, we present MPStab, a quantum circuit simulator based on a hybrid formalism combining stabilizers and tensor networks, recently introduced in Ref. [1]. We present the package, its core functionalities, and explore its performances in a few interesting simulation regimes.
The accurate simulation of quantum circuits remains a significant challenge due to the exponential scaling of computational resources with circuit size. This work explores the application of tensor network methods, specifically Matrix Product States (MPS), to provide a scalable approach for simulating quantum circuits. We demonstrate how tensor networks can efficiently represent and manipulate the states of quantum circuits, reducing the computational burden associated with traditional methods. The core claim of this research is that tensor networks offer a viable path to accurately simulating larger and more complex quantum systems. This research introduces a novel framework for symbolic simulation, leveraging the power of tensor network representations to overcome the limitations of conventional simulation techniques. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated through theoretical analysis and conceptual examples.
We introduce a novel hybrid approach combining tensor network methods with the stabilizer formalism to address the challenges of simulating many-body quantum systems. By integrating these techniques, we enhance our ability to accurately model unitary dynamics while mitigating the exponential growth of entanglement encountered in classical simulations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through applications to random Clifford T-doped circuits and random Clifford Floquet dynamics. This approach offers promising prospects for advancing our understanding of complex quantum phenomena and accelerating progress in quantum simulation.
This book serves as an introductory yet thorough guide to tensor networks and their applications in quantum computation and quantum information, designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level readers. In Part I, foundational topics are covered, including tensor structures and network representations like Matrix Product States (MPS) and Tree Tensor Networks (TTN). These preliminaries provide readers with the core mathematical tools and concepts necessary for quantum physics and quantum computing applications, bridging the gap between multi-linear algebra and complex quantum systems. Part II explores practical applications of tensor networks in simulating quantum dynamics, with a particular focus on the efficiency they offer for systems of high computational complexity. Key topics include Hamiltonian dynamics, quantum annealing, open system dynamics, and optimization strategies using TN frameworks. A final chapter addresses the emerging role of “quantum magic” in tensor networks. It delves into non-stabilizer states and their contribution to quantum computational power beyond classical simulability, featuring methods such as stabilizer-enhanced MPS and the Clifford-dressed TDVP. In presenting tensor networks as tools for understanding quantum complexity, this book aims to foster a deeper collaboration between the many-body physics and quantum computing communities, inviting a broader audience to engage with these recent developments.
Large-scale tensor network simulations are crucial for developing robust complexity-theoretic bounds on classical quantum simulation, enabling circuit cutting approaches, and optimizing circuit compilation, all of which aid efficient quantum computation on limited quantum resources. Modern exascale high-performance computing platforms offer significant potential for advancing tensor network quantum circuit simulation capabilities. We implement TN-Sim, a tensor network simulator backend within the NWQ-Sim software package that utilizes the Tensor Algebra for Many-body Methods (TAMM) framework to support both distributed HPC-scale computations and local simulations with ITensor. To optimize the scale up in computation across multiple nodes we implement a task based parallelization scheme to demonstrate parallelized gate contraction for wide quantum circuits with many gates per layer. Through the integration of the TAMM framework with Matrix Product State (MPS) tensor network approaches, we deliver a simulation environment that can scale from local systems to HPC clusters. We demonstrate an MPS tensor network simulator running on the state-of-the-art Perlmutter (NVIDIA) supercomputer and discuss the potential portability of this software to HPC clusters such as Frontier (AMD) and Aurora (Intel). We also discuss future improvements including support for different tensor network topologies and enhanced computational efficiency.
The exploration of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and programming models on noisy near-term quantum hardware has begun. As hybrid programs scale towards classical intractability, validation and benchmarking are critical to understanding the utility of the hybrid computational model. In this paper, we demonstrate a newly developed quantum circuit simulator based on tensor network theory that enables intermediate-scale verification and validation of hybrid quantum-classical computing frameworks and programming models. We present our tensor-network quantum virtual machine (TNQVM) simulator which stores a multi-qubit wavefunction in a compressed (factorized) form as a matrix product state, thus enabling single-node simulations of larger qubit registers, as compared to brute-force state-vector simulators. Our simulator is designed to be extensible in both the tensor network form and the classical hardware used to run the simulation (multicore, GPU, distributed). The extensibility of the TNQVM simulator with respect to the simulation hardware type is achieved via a pluggable interface for different numerical backends (e.g., ITensor and ExaTENSOR numerical libraries). We demonstrate the utility of our TNQVM quantum circuit simulator through the verification of randomized quantum circuits and the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, both expressed within the eXtreme-scale ACCelerator (XACC) programming model.
Quantum circuits, fundamental to quantum computation, represent quantum states through a sequence of unitary transformations. The exponential growth in the Hilbert space dimension with increasing circuit size presents a significant challenge to simulation and analysis. This work introduces a novel tensor network approach to formally model and manipulate quantum circuits, specifically designed to mitigate this exponential scaling issue. The core idea is to represent the circuit's state vector as a tensor network, leveraging techniques for efficient compression and expansion. We explore the application of variational tensor networks (VTNs) to approximate the dynamics of quantum circuits, offering a pathway towards more scalable simulations. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and conceptual design, focusing on key aspects of tensor network construction and manipulation tailored to quantum circuit representations. This approach aims to provide a more scalable representation compared to existing methods.