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arXiv:2607.19278

Efficient quantum transport in disordered Floquet networks

Hlér Kristjánsson, Jonathan Brugger, Gabriel Dufour, Christian Scheppach, Andreas Buchleitner

quant-phcond-mat.dis-nnphysics.bio-phSubmitted Jul 21, 2026• Announced Jul 22, 2026
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Abstract

We propose a mechanism for fast and efficient quantum transport through disordered networks with variable on-site energies, inspired by photosynthetic complexes. The mechanism relies on an interplay between inter-site couplings of the network and driving by external vibrations. Two design principles are shown to ensure close-to-perfect transport despite the disorder, namely a reflection symmetry in Floquet-Hilbert space and the existence of a dominant doublet or triplet of Floquet states.

Comments
7 pages, 5 figues

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We propose a mechanism for fast and efficient quantum transport through disordered networks with variable on-site energies, inspired by photosynthetic complexes. The mechanism relies on an interplay between inter-site couplings of the network and driving by external vibrations. Two design principles are shown to ensure close-to-perfect transport despite the disorder, namely a reflection symmetry in Floquet-Hilbert space and the existence of a dominant doublet or triplet of Floquet states.
Abstract Nontrivial quantum effects in biological systems are of high interest among physicists over the past decade. They allow for information and energy to be exchanged with near-unity efficiency despite hindered by the warm, wet, and noisy environment. Several models suggests that the efficient quantum energy transport is due to the interplay between dephasing dynamics and unitary evolution of the disordered biological systems i.e in photosynthetic complex. However, the proposed models have not yet included the driving force depicting the external perturbation used in the experiment such as laser in 2D spectroscopy involved in the detection of the exciton transfer or an artificial quantum transport experiments. Here, we resolve this issue by subjecting the dephasing assisted transport model by Plenio and Huelga [New J. Phys. 10, 11 (2012)] to a driving force. We analyze dynamical evolution of the driven system and show that further efficiency enhancement achieved by driving the transport site. We also discuss some experimental realizations of the quantum transport system.
We determine the characteristic of dissipative quantum transport in a coupled qubit network in the presence of on-site and off-diagonal external driving. The work is a generalization of the dephasing-assisted quantum transport where noise is beneficial to the transport efficiency. Using Floquet-Magnus expansion extended to Markovian open systems, we analytically derive transport efficiency and compare it to exact numerical results. We find that periodic driving may increase the efficiency at frequencies near the coupling rate. On the other hand, at some other frequencies the transport may be suppressed. We then propose the enhancement mechanism as the ramification of interplay between driving frequency, dissipative, and trapping rates.
Accurately modelling many-body quantum transport systems poses a challenge both conceptually and computationally due to the growth of the Hilbert space and the multi-scale nature of the geometries and couplings present in most naturally occurring networks. A compounding complexity of such systems is that the environment typically plays a key role in the transport dynamics. Utilising variational unitary transformations that displace environmental degrees of freedom allows for the deployment of a second-order master equation capable of capturing the dynamics of intermediate and strongly coupled systems, which are ubiquitous in microscopic energy transport systems. However, direct implementations of this approach suffer from fundamental scalability issues due to the complexity of the self-consistent equations required to solve for the variational parameters. Here, we present an efficient partitioning scheme that leverages the inherent multi-scale nature of natural energy transport networks. This enables scaling of the variational polaron framework to quantum energy transport systems, constituting hundreds to thousands of sites. Our work unlocks the physically motivated exploration of large transport networks, for example, those present within light-harvesting complexes and exciton transport in disordered semiconductors.
Abstract Quantum effects in photosynthetic energy transport in nature, especially for the typical Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complexes, are extensively studied in quantum biology. Such energy transport processes can be investigated as open quantum systems that blend the quantum coherence and environmental noise, and have been experimentally simulated on a few quantum devices. However, the existing experiments always lack a solid quantum simulation for the FMO energy transport due to their constraints to map a variety of issues in actual FMO complexes that have rich biological meanings. Here we successfully map the full coupling profile of the seven-site FMO structure by comprehensive characterisation and precise control of the evanescent coupling of the three-dimensional waveguide array. By applying a stochastic dynamical modulation on each waveguide, we introduce the base site energy and the dephasing term in coloured noise to faithfully simulate the power spectral density of the FMO complexes. We show our photonic model well interprets the phenomena including reorganisation energy, vibrational assistance, exciton transfer and energy localisation. We further experimentally demonstrate the existence of an optimal transport efficiency at certain dephasing strength, providing a window to closely investigate environment-assisted quantum transport.
We demonstrate that repeated measurements in disordered systems can induce a quantum anti-Zeno effect under certain conditions to enhance quantum transport. The enhancement of energy transfer is really exhibited in multisite models under repeated measurements. The optimal measurement interval for the anti-Zeno effect and the maximal efficiency of energy transfer are specified in terms of the relevant physical parameters. Since the environment acts as frequent measurements on the system, the decoherence-induced energy transfer, which has been discussed recently for photosynthetic complexes, may be interpreted in terms of the anti-Zeno effect. We further find an interesting phenomenon in a specific three-site case, where local decoherence or repeated measurements may even promote entanglement generation between the nonlocal sites.
Transport phenomena are ubiquitous throughout the science, engineering and technology disciplines as it concerns energy, mass, charge and information exchange between systems.In particular, energy transport in the nanoscale regime has attracted significant attention within the physical science community due to its potential to explain complex phenomena like the electronic energy transfer in molecular crystals or the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) / light harvesting complexes in photosynthetic bacteria with long time coherences.Energy transport in these systems is highly affected by environmental noise but surprisingly not always in a detrimental way.It was recently found that situations exist where noise actually enhances the transport phenomena.Such noise can take many forms, but can be characterised in three basic behaviours: quantum, correlation in time, or space.All have been shown potential to offer an energy transport enhancement.The focus of this work is on quantum transport caused by stochastic environment with spatio-temporal correlation.We consider a multi-site nearest neighbour interaction model with pure dephasing environmental noise with spatio-temporal correlation and show how an accelerated rate for the energy transfer results especially under negative spatial correlation (anti-correlation).Spatial anti-correlation provides another control parameter to help one establish the most efficient transfer of energy and may provide new insights into the working of exciton transport in photosynthetic complexes.Further the usage of spatio-temporal correlated noise may be a beneficial resource for efficient transport in large scale quantum networks.