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arXiv:2607.16176

Quantum scanning synthetic optical holography

Josué Ricardo León-Torres, Byron Caiza, Nadia Baumann, Sebastian Töpfer, Anna Mühlig, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Karin Burger, Frank Setzpfandt, Markus Gräfe, Valerio Flavio Gili

Published Jul 17, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

Synthetic optical holography (SOH) introduced holographic reconstruction into scanning optical microscopy, enabling quantitative phase imaging with sequential acquisition and point detection. Here, we extend this concept to the quantum regime by implementing SOH within quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL). By integrating a controlled synthetic phase carrier into a scanning QIUL implementation, we retrieve amplitude and phase images of objects probed by mid-infrared (MIR) photons while detecting only their visible partners. We demonstrate the method on binary, transparent, and biological samples, showing complex-field reconstruction in a scanning quantum imaging system. This approach decouples spatial resolution from photon-pair spatial correlations and establishes a route toward diffraction-limited, label-free MIR phase imaging with visible-wavelength detection.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2607.16176

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Synthetic optical holography (SOH) introduced holographic reconstruction into scanning optical microscopy, enabling quantitative phase imaging with sequential acquisition and point detection. Here, we extend this concept to the quantum regime by implementing SOH within quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL). By integrating a controlled synthetic phase carrier into a scanning QIUL implementation, we retrieve amplitude and phase images of objects probed by mid-infrared (MIR) photons while detecting only their visible partners. We demonstrate the method on binary, transparent, and biological samples, showing complex-field reconstruction in a scanning quantum imaging system. This approach decouples spatial resolution from photon-pair spatial correlations and establishes a route toward diffraction-limited, label-free MIR phase imaging with visible-wavelength detection.
Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) can retrieve amplitude and phase information of an object by exploiting the quantum correlations of photon-pairs generated through spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), where the illumination and detection can be carried at very distinct wavelength ranges. This fact allows to benefit from a mature detection technology in the visible spectral range, while probing the object at a more exotic wavelength. Here we experimentally implement a QIUL approach with Fourier off-axis holography in a hybrid-type induced-coherence non-linear interferometer. Our approach reconstructs the amplitude and phase information of an object with a single shot in a wide-field configuration, being an alternative in front of techniques that require multiple acquisition frames, such as phase-shifting holography.
This work presents synthetic off-axis quantum holography with undetected light, a novel approach to obtain holographic information with a single acquisition. Holography is a vital tool for imaging [1] but is mainly limited to the visible range caused by the availability of efficient detectors. Interesting applications, like identifying molecular signatures and analyzing material properties are excluded, particularly those requiring detection in regions outside the visible spectra of light, for example the mid-infrared [2]. Quantum holography with undetected light (QHUL) was presented in 2022 [3] to give access to these harder-to-detect wavelength regions. However, it is required to do multiple acquisitions to reconstruct the amplitude and phase, preventing the usage in dynamic processes.
Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) leverages the quantum correlations of photon pairs generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) to retrieve both amplitude and phase information of an object. This method enables illumination and detection at distinct wavelength ranges, utilizing advanced detection technology in the visible spectrum while probing the object at an exotic wavelength. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a QIUL technique incorporating Fourier off-axis holography within a hybrid-type induced-coherence nonlinear interferometer. Our approach reconstructs the amplitude and phase information of an object in a single shot using a wide-field configuration, presenting a viable alternative to multi-frame acquisition techniques such as phase-shifting holography.
Quantum Imaging with Undetected Light (QIUL) leverages the quantum correlations of photon pairs, generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), to extract both the amplitude and phase information of an object [1]. This process facilitates the simultaneous illumination and detection across a diverse spectral range, harnessing advanced detection technology within the visible spectrum while probing the object at an unconventional wavelength. In this study, we provide an experimental scheme of a QIUL that merges Fourier off-axis holography with a hybrid-type induced-coherence nonlinear interferometer [2], [3], combining a March-Zender and Michelson interferometer to be able to angle-tune the object and reference beams in a wider range of values, and therefore accessing to the full capabilities offered by the Fourier space [4], [5]. Our methodology in a wide-field configuration requires only a single-shot to reconstruct the amplitude and phase data of an object, thus introducing a strong alternative to sequential multi-frame acquisition techniques such as digital phase-shifting holography [6]. Figure 1 shows the image reconstruction process to extract the amplitude and phase information out of the single-photon hologram, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the hologram reveals the diffraction term containing the object information to be cropped and inverse Fourier transformed to extract a complex image from which the amplitude and phase are retrieved.
The mid-infrared (MIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum spans from 2- to 25-μmμ\mathrm{m}μm, serving as a valuable tool for accessing rich chemical information. Functional groups, lipids, and other complex molecules can be analyzed by optical absorption measurements due to their vibrational modes in the MIR spectral region. Over the past few decades, this field has faced challenges due to difficulties in generating MIR light and the limited maturity of detection systems in this spectral range. Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) provides a spectrally tuneable photon-pair source, in which the sample can be illuminated with MIR light while visible (VIS) light is employed for detection and image reconstruction, overcoming the detection limitations and benefiting from the rich chemical information of the MIR spectral region. All previous QIUL implementations are based on spatial correlations, which are never perfect and thus hindered the imaging performance. In this work, we implement a raster-scanning QIUL method that is independent of the strength of the spatial correlations and achieves a spatial resolution beyond the limitations of these correlations.
ABSTRACT The mid‐infrared (MIR) spectral region, spanning from 2‐ to 25‐, provides access to rich chemical information through the vibrational modes of functional groups, lipids, and other complex molecules. However, conventional imaging in this range remains limited by challenges in generating MIR light and by the lack of mature detection technologies. Quantum imaging with undetected light (QIUL) offers an alternative approach by using photon‐pair sources in which the sample is illuminated with MIR light while detection and image reconstruction are carried out at visible wavelengths. We report the first QIUL technique that achieves diffraction‐limited resolution without relying on spatial correlations of the photon‐pair, thereby overcoming a fundamental limitation of all previous implementations. This work establishes induced coherence without induced emission as the essential physical resource underlying QIUL and redefines its operational boundary, extending its applicability to regimes where spatial correlations are weak or absent. Our results represent a conceptual advance in quantum imaging and open the way toward practical and cost‐effective MIR microscopy based on visible detection.