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arXiv:2607.14549

Lyapunov spectrum scaling transition for quasiperiodic nonlinear unitaries

Xiaodong Zhang, Barbara Dietz, Sergej Flach A

Published Jul 16, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study the Lyapunov spectrum scaling of thermal weakly-nonlinear unitary maps in the presence of quasiperiodic potentials. We search for the crossover from long-range to short-range scaling as the localization length ξ decreases and compare the details to the case of uncorrelated Anderson disorder [Phys. Rev. Res. 6 L012064 (2024)]. A comparative statistical analysis of the eigenstates for the linear case shows that quasiperiodicity has a stronger localization impact at the same value of ξ. Therefore we expect that the scaling crossover should be enhanced as well. However, the numerical analysis shows that it is strongly delayed as compared to Anderson disorder, and is observed at anomalously small values of ξ. These findings hint at the potential impact of long range correlations of quasiperiodic localized eigenstates, which persist in the presence of interactions even in the case of integrability breaking and thermalization.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2607.14549

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We study the Lyapunov spectrum scaling of thermal weakly-nonlinear unitary maps in the presence of quasiperiodic potentials. We search for the crossover from long-range to short-range scaling as the localization length ξ decreases and compare the details to the case of uncorrelated Anderson disorder [Phys. Rev. Res. 6 L012064 (2024)]. A comparative statistical analysis of the eigenstates for the linear case shows that quasiperiodicity has a stronger localization impact at the same value of ξ. Therefore we expect that the scaling crossover should be enhanced as well. However, the numerical analysis shows that it is strongly delayed as compared to Anderson disorder, and is observed at anomalously small values of ξ. These findings hint at the potential impact of long range correlations of quasiperiodic localized eigenstates, which persist in the presence of interactions even in the case of integrability breaking and thermalization.
We study the disorder-induced crossover between the two recently discovered thermalization slowing-down universality classes, characterized by long- and short-range coupling, in classical unitary-circuit maps close to integrability. We compute Lyapunov spectra, which display qualitatively distinct features depending on whether the proximity to the integrable limit is short or long range. For sufficiently small nonlinearity, translationally invariant systems fall into the long-range class. Adding disorder to such a system triggers a transition to the short-range class, implying a breaking of this invariance, and in the very limit of vanishing nonlinearity Anderson localization emerges. The crossover from the long- to the short-range class is attained by tuning the localization length ξ from ξ≈N to ξ≪N , where N is the system size. As a consequence, the Lyapunov spectrum becomes exponentially suppressed, depending on the extent to which its translational invariance is destroyed. We expect that this disorder-induced crossover will lead to prethermalized phases and, following quantization, to many-body localization. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We propose a novel framework to characterize the thermalization of many-body dynamical systems close to integrable limits using the scaling properties of the full Lyapunov spectrum. We use a classical unitary map model to investigate macroscopic weakly nonintegrable dynamics beyond the limits set by the KAM regime. We perform our analysis in two fundamentally distinct long-range and short-range integrable limits which stem from the type of nonintegrable perturbations. Long-range limits result in a single parameter scaling of the Lyapunov spectrum, with the inverse largest Lyapunov exponent being the only diverging control parameter and the rescaled spectrum approaching an analytical function. Short-range limits result in a dramatic slowing down of thermalization which manifests through the rescaled Lyapunov spectrum approaching a non-analytic function. An additional diverging length scale controls the exponential suppression of all Lyapunov exponents relative to the largest one.
We investigate long-range resonances in quasiperiodic many-body localized (MBL) systems. Focusing on the Heisenberg chain in a deterministic Aubry-André potential, we complement standard diagnostics by analyzing the structure of long-distance pairwise correlations at high energy. Contrary to the expectation that the ergodic-MBL transition in quasiperiodic systems should be sharper due to the absence of Griffiths regions, we uncover a broad unconventional regime at strong quasiperiodic potential, characterized by fat-tailed distributions of longitudinal correlations at long distance. This reveals the presence of atypical eigenstates with strong long-range correlations in a regime where standard diagnostics indicate stable MBL. We further identify these anomalous eigenstates as quasidegenerate pairs of resonant cat states, which exhibit entanglement at long distance. These findings advance the understanding of quasiperiodic MBL and identify density-correlation measurements in ultracold atomic systems as a probe of long-range resonances.
Strong disorder may significantly slow down or even completely hinder the thermalization of quantum many-body systems due to many-body localization (MBL). A sufficiently deep quasiperiodic potential may also inhibit thermalization. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate direct differences in the behavior of standard ergodicity-breaking indicators at the MBL crossover in random and quasiperiodic systems. Our key finding is the exponential increase in the sharpness of the MBL crossover with system size for quasiperiodic systems, a trend that is only linear in disordered systems. The strong tendency towards nonanalytic behavior in quasiperiodic systems is consistent with the existence of dynamical regimes with sharply defined boundaries or an MBL phase transition. It highlights the importance of quasiperiodic systems for our understanding of many-body dynamics.
Recent theoretical and numerical evidence suggests that localization can survive in disordered many-body systems with very high energy density, provided that interactions are sufficiently weak. Stronger interactions can destroy localization, leading to a so-called many-body localization transition. This dynamical phase transition is relevant to questions of thermalization in extended quantum systems far from the zero-temperature limit. It separates a many-body localized phase, in which localization prevents transport and thermalization, from a conducting (``ergodic'') phase in which the usual assumptions of quantum statistical mechanics hold. Here, we present numerical evidence that many-body localization also occurs in models without disorder but rather a quasiperiodic potential. In one dimension, these systems already have a single-particle localization transition, and we show that this transition becomes a many-body localization transition upon the introduction of interactions. We also comment on possible relevance of our results to experimental studies of many-body dynamics of cold atoms and nonlinear light in quasiperiodic potentials.
We use unitary map evolution to address the thermalization of many-body dynamical systems close to an integrable limit. Integrable limits are classified as either long-range or short-range, depending on the connectivity between actions. The connectivity type is imposed by the nonintegrable perturbation. We compute the Lyapunov spectra and analyze their scaling properties. Long-range limits result in a single parameter scaling of the Lyapunov spectrum, with the largest Lyapunov exponent being the only control parameter. Short-range networks have an additional second scaling parameter which describes the exponential suppression of all relative to the largest Lyapunov exponent.