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arXiv:2607.13301

Precision quantum simulation of magnon spectra and interactions

Trond I. Andersen, Nikita Astrakhantsev, Jeronimo Martinez, Will Morong, Johannes Motruk, Dario Rossi, Brayden Ware, Bryce Kobrin, Weijie Wu, Elizabeth Bennewitz, Manuel Rudolph, Tom Westerhout, Amira Abbas, Rajeev Acharya, Laleh Aghababaie Beni, Ross Alcaraz, Sayra Alcaraz, Markus Ansmann, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Walt Askew, Juan Atalaya, Christopher Ayala, Ryan Babbush, Brian Ballard, Joseph Bardin, Hector Bates, Andreas Bengtsson, Majid Bigdeli Karimi, Alexander Bilmes, Simon Bilodeau, Felix Borjans, Alexandre Bourassa, Jenna Bovaird, Dylan Bowers, Leon Brill, Peter Brooks, Michael Broughton, David Browne, Brett Buchea, Bob Buckley, Tim Burger, Brian Burkett, Jamal Busnaina, Nicholas Bushnell, Jonas Bylander, Anthony Cabrera, Juan Campero, Hung-Shen Chang, Silas Chen, Zijun Chen, Ben Chiaro, Liang-Ying Chih, Agnetta Cleland, Bryan Cochrane, Matt Cockrell, Josh Cogan, Paul Conner, Tom Connolly, Harold Cook, Rodrigo Cortinas, William Courtney, Alexander Crook, Benjamin Curtin, Adam Dally, Sayan Das, Martin Damyanov, Dripto Debroy, Himadri Dey, Stijn de Graaf, Laura De Lorenzo, Sean Demura, Lucia De Rose, Agustin Di Paolo, Leon Ding, Howard Dobbs, Paul Donohoe, Ebru Dogan, Ilya Drozdov, Andrew Dunsworth, Rasmus Edholm, Valerie Ehimhen, Alec Eickbusch, Aviv Elbag, Lior Ella, Mahmoud Elzouka, David Enriquez, Catherine Erickson, Lara Faoro, Vinicius Ferreira, Marcos Flores, Leslie Flores Burgos, Sam Fontes, Ebrahim Forati, Jeremiah Ford, Brooks Foxen, Masaya Fukami, Alan Fung, Lenny Fuste, Suhas Ganjam, Gonzalo Garcia, Christopher Garrick, Robert Gasca, Helge Gehring, Robert Geiger, Élie Genois, William Giang, Dar Gilboa, James Goeders, Edward Gonzales, Raja Gosula, Alejandro Grajales Dau, Dietrich Graumann, Joel Grebel, Alex Greene, Jonathan Gross, Jose Guerrero, Tan Ha., Steve Habegger, Tanner Hadick, Ali Hadjikhani, Michael Hamilton, Monica Hansen, Matthew Harrigan, Sean Harrington, Jeanne Hartshorn, Stephen Heslin, Paula Heu, Oscar Higgott, Reno Hiltermann, Jeremy Hilton, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Michael Hucka, Christopher Hudspeth, Ashley Huff, William Huggins, Aditya Jayaraman, Evan Jeffrey, Shaun Jevons, Zhang Jiang, Xiaoxuan Jin, Cody Jones, Chaitali Joshi, Kelsey Josund, Pavol Juhas, Andreas Kabel, Bharath Kannan, Hui Kang, Kiseo Kang, Amir Karamlou, Ryan Kaufman, Tanuj Khattar, Mostafa Khezri, Seon Kim, Paul Klimov, Can Knaut, Alexander Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, John Mark Kreikebaum, Ryuho Kudo, Arun Kumar, Ben Kueffler, Vladislav Kurilovich, Vitali Kutsko, Nathan Lacroix, Tiano Lange-Dei, Brandon Langley, Pavel Laptev, Kim-Ming Lau, Emma Leavell, Loïck Le Guevel, Justin Ledford, Joy Lee, Kenny Lee, Brian Lester, Wendy Leung, Matthew Lloyd, Lily Li, Wing Li, Ming Li, Alexander Lill, Mike Lindmark, William Livingston, Aditya Locharla, Erik Lucero, Daniel Lundahl, Aaron Lunt, Sid Madhuk, Donald Macaskill, Aniket Maiti, Ashley Maloney, Salvatore Mandra, Leigh Martin, Orion Martin, Eric Mascot, Paul Masih Das, Anselme Massimino, Melvin Mathews, Cameron Maxfield, Jarrod McClean, Matthew McEwen, Seneca Meeks, Anthony Megrant, Tim Menke, Kevin Miao, Zlatko Minev, Reza Molavi, Sebastian Molina, Shirin Montazeri, Akira Nakamura, Charles Neill, Konstantin Nesterov, Michael Newman, Roselle Ngaloy, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Nguyen, Chia-Hung Ni, Murphy Niu, Nicholas Noll, Sergey Novikov, Logan Oas, Ricky Oliver, Will Oliver, Raymond Orosco, Kristoffer Ottosson, Alice Pagano, Manan Patel, Sherman Peek, David Peterson, Alex Pizzuto, Thomas Plumb-Reyes, Elias Portoles, Rebecca Potter, Orion Pritchard, Sam Probst, Michael Qian, Chris Quintana, Matthew Rakher, Arpit Ranadive, Ganesh Ramachandran, Armin Razavi, Matthew Reagor, Rachel Resnick, David Rhodes, Daniel Riley, Gabrielle Roberts, Roberto Rodriguez, Emma Ropes, Eliott Rosenberg, Emma Rosenfeld, Dario Rosenstock, Elizabeth Rossi, Pedram Roushan, David Rower, Robert Salazar, Kannan Sankaragomathi, Murat Sarihan, Kevin Satzinger, Max Schaefer, Sebastian Schroeder, Henry Schurkus, Aria Shahingohar, Michael Shearn, Aaron Shorter, Shvarts Vladimir, Vlad Sivak, Spencer Small, W. Clarke Smith, David Sobel, Barrett Spells, Sofia Springer, George Sterling, Scott Stonemeyer, John Su, Jordan Suchard, Youngkyu Sung, Aaron Szasz, Alex Sztein, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Madeline Taylor, Jothi Thiruraman, Douglas Thor, Brandur Thorgrimsson, Dogan Timucin, Eifu Tomita, Alfredo Torres, M. Mert Torunbalci, Hao Tran, Abeer Vaishnav, Justin Vargas, Gopinath Vasalamarri, Sergey Vdovichev, Guifre Vidal, Benjamin Villalonga, Meghan Voorhees, Steven Waltman, Jonathan Waltz, Shannon Wang, Danni Wang, James Watson, Yonghua Wei, Travis Weidel, Theodore White, Kristi Wong, Bryan Woo, Christopher Wood, Maddy Woodson, Cheng Xing, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Bicheng Ying, Juhwan Yoo, Noureldin Yosri, Elliot Young, Grayson Young, Adam Zalcman, Ran Zhang, Yaxing Zhang, Yiqing Zhou, Ningfeng Zhu, Nicholas Zobrist, Zhenjie Zou, Sergio Boixo, Yu Chen, Julian Kelly, Hartmut Neven, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Dvir Kafri, L. B. Ioffe, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Xiao Mi, Dmitry Abanin

quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sciSubmitted Jul 14, 2026• Announced Jul 16, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum simulation promises to advance materials discovery by accurately simulating complex states of matter, their microscopic excitations, and macroscopic response functions. The central challenge in resolving the underlying interacting dynamics is to combine high-fidelity evolution with the sophisticated control necessary to manipulate individual quasi-particles in quantum many-body states. Here, we report on high-precision simulation of both linear and non-linear response functions in a 2D XY spin-1/2 magnet using an analog-digital superconducting processor of up to 97 qubits. By interleaving digital gates with analog evolution precisely characterized via Hamiltonian learning, we selectively excite magnons at tunable energy densities. Measuring first the linear magnon response -- a central probe in neutron-scattering experiments -- we extract temperature-dependent spectra and lifetimes. Our results reveal stark variations in magnon decay rates across the Brillouin zone, with enhancement near van Hove singularities and suppression for edge-localized modes. Next, we perform a suite of nonlinear measurements, including the study of self-scattering mechanisms, as well as pump-probe spectroscopy to directly characterize the magnon interactions. While matrix-product state simulations capture the dynamics well in either small systems or at low temperatures, their predictions become inaccurate away from these limits. This work demonstrates precise simulation of the interacting dynamics in quantum magnets, and provides key insights into quasi-particles and their microscopic scattering mechanisms.

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Quantum simulation promises to advance materials discovery by accurately simulating complex states of matter, their microscopic excitations, and macroscopic response functions. The central challenge in resolving the underlying interacting dynamics is to combine high-fidelity evolution with the sophisticated control necessary to manipulate individual quasi-particles in quantum many-body states. Here, we report on high-precision simulation of both linear and non-linear response functions in a 2D XY spin-1/2 magnet using an analog-digital superconducting processor of up to 97 qubits. By interleaving digital gates with analog evolution precisely characterized via Hamiltonian learning, we selectively excite magnons at tunable energy densities. Measuring first the linear magnon response -- a central probe in neutron-scattering experiments -- we extract temperature-dependent spectra and lifetimes. Our results reveal stark variations in magnon decay rates across the Brillouin zone, with enhancement near van Hove singularities and suppression for edge-localized modes. Next, we perform a suite of nonlinear measurements, including the study of self-scattering mechanisms, as well as pump-probe spectroscopy to directly characterize the magnon interactions. While matrix-product state simulations capture the dynamics well in either small systems or at low temperatures, their predictions become inaccurate away from these limits. This work demonstrates precise simulation of the interacting dynamics in quantum magnets, and provides key insights into quasi-particles and their microscopic scattering mechanisms.
Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators. Unlocking the full potential of such systems toward this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution, and extensive probes for final state characterization. We present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits which supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analog evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. Emulating a two-dimensional (2D) XY quantum magnet, we leverage a wide range of measurement techniques to study quantum states after ramps from an antiferromagnetic initial state. We observe signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, as well as strong deviations from Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions attributed to the interplay between quantum and classical coarsening of the correlated domains. This interpretation is corroborated by injecting variable energy density into the initial state, which enables studying the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. Finally, we digitally prepare the system in pairwise-entangled dimer states and image the transport of energy and vorticity during thermalization. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analog-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.
The elementary excitation spectrum of a many-body quantum system encodes many key properties, including phenomena as diverse as transport, thermalisation and ground state structure. Excitation spectra of strongly correlated systems are typically encoded in dynamical structure factors, which are demanding to measure experimentally and challenging to compute classically. Here we use quench spectroscopy on a superconducting quantum processor to extract excitation spectra of spin chains of L=101L=101L=101 spins. By tailoring the combination of quench protocol and observable, we selectively access distinct excitation sectors across several phases of the spin-1/21/21/2 XXZ chain, resolving free magnons, multi-magnon bound states, and two-spinon continua. Notably, we demonstrate that the protocol does not rely on ground state preparation: in the classically challenging gapless regime, we extract spectra directly from the quench dynamics of easily prepared product states, a procedure that is natural and straightforward on quantum hardware. Our work establishes quench spectroscopy as a fast and flexible probe of many-body excitation spectra on digital quantum hardware, introduces a novel quench protocol that does not require costly state preparation routines, and provides a scalable route towards regimes where classical simulation may become intractable.
Magnons, the quanta of collective spin excitations in magnetic materials, may enable functionalities, such as nonreciprocity and transduction in hybrid quantum devices. To assess the potential of such applications, it is necessary to understand magnon dynamics beyond the simple harmonic oscillator regime, where theory predicts effects like population-dependent damping and quantum fluctuations in the form of magnon shot noise. Probing these phenomena requires sensors with high sensitivity and the ability to resolve magnon properties across different excitation regimes. Here, we demonstrate accurate and sensitive detection of magnon population and decay over a wide range of occupation numbers. We use a superconducting qubit to probe magnons in a ferrimagnet over approximately 2000 excitations. Using qubit control and parametrically induced qubit-magnon interactions, we demonstrate few-excitation sensitive detection of magnons with a dynamic range of approximately 30 dB, and are able to accurately resolve their decay with few-ns sensitivity. These capabilities offer a powerful and practical technique for probing magnon dynamics in or beyond the linear regime over a wide range of excitations.
The collective excitation spectra of quantum magnets provide a direct test of quantum computers as tools for studying strongly correlated matter. Hardware noise limits the circuit depths available for these calculations, leaving the question of how much magnetic information can survive circuit compression. Using IonQ's 36 qubit Forte Enterprise processor, we simulate the magnetic excitation spectra and spin dynamics of a 36 site Heisenberg XXZ chain describing the quantum magnet Cs2CoCl4 in a transverse field using quantum circuits containing just 420 two qubit gates. The workflow combines an ancilla free local kick protocol with classical tensor network compression, encoding both ground state preparation and time evolution. The reconstructed dynamical structure factors capture the evolution from a broad two spinon continuum toward a dispersive branch with magnon character near the expected critical field. We observe an interesting field driven sign reversal of the nearest neighbor spin correlations which shows a complementary signature of this magnetic evolution. Our error mitigation methods bring the reconstructed total spectra into close agreement with density matrix renormalization group calculations, with Pearson correlation and structural similarity above 0.9 and normalized mean squared error below 0.15. We also perform comparisons with experimental inelastic neutron scattering measurements to connect the recovered excitations to the material's magnetic response. Our results demonstrate that circuit compression and error mitigation allow noisy quantum processors to recover both collective excitations and local magnetic correlations providing a quantitative benchmark for quantum spectroscopy and a basis for extending these methods to more complex magnetic systems.
Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators1,2 . Unlocking the full potential of such systems towards this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution and extensive probes for final state characterization. Here we present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits that supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analogue evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. This hybrid platform features more versatile measurement capabilities compared with analogue-only simulators, which we leverage here to reveal a coarsening-induced breakdown of Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions3 in the XY model, as well as signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition4 . Moreover, the digital gates enable precise energy control, allowing us to study the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis5-7 in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. We also demonstrate digital preparation of pairwise-entangled dimer states, and image the transport of energy and vorticity during subsequent thermalization in analogue evolution. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analogue-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.
In ordered quantum magnets where interactions between elementary excitations dominate over their kinetic energy, perturbative approaches often fail, making non-perturbative methods essential to capture spectral features such as bound states and the redistribution of weight within excitation continua. Although an increasing number of experiments report anomalous spin excitation continua in such systems, their microscopic interpretation remains an open challenge. Here, we investigate the spin dynamics of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet in its 1/3-plateau phase using two complementary non-perturbative approaches: exact diagonalization in a truncated Hilbert space for a gas of elementary excitations (THED) and matrix product state (MPS) simulations. Alongside cross-validation between these methods, we benchmark our results against inelastic neutron scattering (INS) data. The THED analysis confirms the presence of two-magnon bound states and identifies the anomalous scattering continuum observed in both MPS and INS as a two-magnon resonance, arising from hybridization between the bound state and the two-magnon continuum. Furthermore, THED reveals bound states overlapping with the continuum, enriching the interpretation of continuum anomalies. More broadly, THED provides a robust framework for investigating anomalous spin excitation continua and bound-state effects in other materials with gapped spectra. Its combination of accuracy and computational efficiency makes it a powerful tool for extracting reliable microscopic models in semiclassical regimes.