We derive a current formula within the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) master equation formalism for a non-interacting system, and identify the conditions under which it reduces to the Landauer formula.
A longstanding tool to characterize the evolution of open Markovian quantum systems is the GKSL (Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad) master equation. However, in some cases, open quantum systems can be effectively described with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which have attracted great interest in the last twenty years due to a number of unconventional properties, such as the appearance of exceptional points. Here, we present a short review of these two different approaches aiming in particular to highlight their relation and illustrate different ways of connecting non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to a GKSL master equation for the full density matrix.
An open quantum system can be described by a master equation, of which one of the most popular is the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation. We revisit description of driven-dissipative quantum systems focusing on the appropriate choice of the system's basis and the respective transformations. We consider the GKSL equation in different bases and calculate the dynamics for a qubit and for a qudit. An appropriate choice of the basis is a fundamental problem for theoretical consideration of open quantum systems and provides an opportunity to obtain the desired evolution in practice.
We develop a framework that allows us to describe the dynamics of the total state of an open quantum system and its bosonic environment in the usual Born (weak coupling) and Markov approximation. By shifting the whole time-dependence into an unnormalized s-operator of the open system, the full dynamics is captured by an s-master equation of similar structure than the well-known Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) master equation for the reduced dynamics. By varying the ordering parameter s (0 ≤ s ≤ 1) we obtain the partial Husimi representation (s = 0) and the partial Glauber-Sudarshan representation (s = 1) for the dynamics of the total state. For the reduced density operator the GKSL master equation can be derived easily. The case of s = 1/2, leading to a partial Wigner representation, is helpful to study the overlap of states in the total Hilbert space of system and environment.