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arXiv:2606.22503 · Frontiers of Physics

Formation and dynamics of self-bound droplets in dipolar molecular condensate

X W Tang, Tianmiao Zhang, Zibin Zhao, Guilong Li, Zhaopin Chen, Bin Liu, Boris A. Malomed, Yongyao Li

Published Oct 23, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study self-bound quantum droplets in the regime dominated by microwave-induced non-axisymmetric dipole−dipole interactions, using the extended Gross−Pitaevskii equation with the Lee−Huang−Yang corrections. We identify the existence region through numerical simulations and employ an anisotropic Gaussian−super-Gaussian variational ansätz to capture the characteristic density profile of the droplets, with a Gaussian profile along the narrow x direction and super-Gaussian profiles in the extended (y, z) plane. Within this variational framework, we characterize the self-binding, spatial localization, and density-compression properties of the droplets and find good agreement between the variational predictions and the numerical results. Collisions between droplets moving along different directions reveal a strong directional dependence, with outcomes ranging from quasi-elastic rebound and merger to fragmentation. In addition, we explore the rotational dynamics of a single self-bound droplet about all three Cartesian axes, revealing rich and controllable three-dimensional rotational dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate how non-axisymmetric dipolar interactions provide versatile means for controlling the translational, collisional, and rotational dynamics of self-bound quantum droplets.

DOI
10.15302/frontphys.2027.033202

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