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arXiv:2606.14479

Sensitivity of polaron-molecule observables to MDR/GUP-like ultraviolet deformations at low energies via quantum computing

Ezequiel Valero, Hugo Catala, Victor Ilisie, Germán Rodrigo

quant-phSubmitted Jun 12, 2026• Announced Jun 15, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We show that impurity many-body observables can display enhanced sensitivity to ultraviolet deformations of generalized-uncertainty-principle and modified-dispersion-relation type at accessible energy scales. Using a deformed polaron-molecule Hamiltonian constructed to preserve the infrared sector, we quantify the impact of such deformations on spectral and Ramsey observables and implement the corresponding dynamics in a controlled quantum computing setting. We identify regimes near the polaron-molecule crossover where small ultraviolet deformations are strongly amplified, leading to experimentally resolvable changes in quasiparticle properties and spectral response. Our results establish a concrete sensitivity-based route to low-energy quantum-gravity phenomenology in a well-defined many-body platform and delimit the validity of the effective description. Furthermore, we report experimental validation on the QRed superconducting quantum processor (BSC-CNS).

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We show that impurity many-body observables can display enhanced sensitivity to ultraviolet deformations of generalized-uncertainty-principle and modified-dispersion-relation type at accessible energy scales. Using a deformed polaron-molecule Hamiltonian constructed to preserve the infrared sector, we quantify the impact of such deformations on spectral and Ramsey observables and implement the corresponding dynamics in a controlled quantum computing setting. We identify regimes near the polaron-molecule crossover where small ultraviolet deformations are strongly amplified, leading to experimentally resolvable changes in quasiparticle properties and spectral response. Our results establish a concrete sensitivity-based route to low-energy quantum-gravity phenomenology in a well-defined many-body platform and delimit the validity of the effective description. Furthermore, we report experimental validation on the QRed superconducting quantum processor (BSC-CNS).
The simulation of strongly correlated fermionic systems remains a significant challenge in computational physics due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space and the fermionic sign problem. In this work, we report a quantum computing demonstration exploring the unified physics of the Fermi polaron and the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) crossover. We develop an effective Hamiltonian formalism that bridges pairing superfluidity and impurity physics, mapping the system onto a gate-based quantum processor via the Jordan-Wigner transformation. By utilizing a first-order Trotter-Suzuki decomposition, we implement an ancilla-controlled Ramsey interferometry protocol to resolve the system's spectral response. Our implementation captures the smooth transition from a dressed quasiparticle (polaron) regime to a stable molecular bound state, characterized by a linear energy renormalization in the strong-coupling limit. We benchmark the quantum protocol against exact diagonalization and demonstrate its execution on the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS) quantum hardware. To ensure reproducibility, we provide comprehensive device calibration metrics, including qubit coherence times and gate fidelities at the time of execution. Despite inherent hardware noise, the hybrid variational approach qualitatively observes the bifurcation of the spectral density.
We study the thermodynamics of quadrupolar Bose-Einstein condensates in the realm of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) for the quest of understanding and testing quantum gravity (QG). Using both quadratic GUP (QGUP) and linear-quadratic GUP (LQGUP) which incorporate modified density of states, we calculate corrections to the condensed fraction, critical temperature, equation of state and other thermodynamic quantities. We find that the intriguing interplay of quadrupole-quadrupole interactions (QQIs) and the GUP may strongly modify the finite-temperature properties of the condensate, with the LQGUP generally predicting larger corrections than the QGUP, although their relative magnitudes depend on the chosen parameters and the validity of the perturbative expansion. We further estimate the sensitivity of the critical temperature to GUP-induced effects by imposing an assumed fractional temperature resolution which provides projected upper bounds on the GUP deformation parameters. Our findings demonstrate that quadrupole-quadrupole interacting Bose gases provide a promising platform for testing GUP-induced deviations from standard quantum mechanics and for probing QG phenomenology through measurements of finite-temperature many-body observables. They also motivate future studies using realistic system-specific parameters.
We digitally simulate quantum many-body dynamics in emergent curved backgrounds using 80 superconducting qubits on IBM Heron processors. By engineering spatially varying couplings in the spin-12\frac1221​ XXZ chain, consistent with the low-energy description of the model in terms of an inhomogeneous Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, we realize excitations that follow geodesics of an effective metric inherited from the underlying spatial deformation. Following quenches from Néel and few-spin-flip states, we observe curved light-cone propagation, horizon-induced freezing in the local magnetization, and position-dependent oscillation frequencies set by the engineered spatial deformation. Despite strong spatial inhomogeneity, unequal-time correlators reveal ballistic quasiparticle propagation in the spin chain. These results establish large-scale digital quantum processors as a flexible platform for detailed and controlled exploration of many-body dynamics in tunable and synthetic curved spacetimes.
Several theories of quantum gravity propose the existence of a minimal measurable length and maximum measurable momentum near the Planck scale. When integrated into the framework of quantum mechanics, such restrictions lead to the generalization of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which is commonly referred to as the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). The GUP has been applied to a plethora of physical models in order to provide further insights on our understanding of the Universe, both in the macroscopic and the microscopic regime. Nevertheless, the corrections related to GUP are expected to be extremely small, which thus renders experimental verification a difficult task. Therefore, phenomenological approaches on a qualitative level are typically addressed with the aim of enhancing our possibility of detecting these tiny effects. Motivated by a recent work on a universal decoherence mechanism stemming from the standard formulation of GUP, we extend the ideas contained therein by considering a more general form of GUP which includes linear and quadratic momentum terms to examine its implications. To achieve such a picture, we equip the deformation parameter appearing in front of all momentum terms with a stochastic nature, so that the effective decoherence mechanism emerges by taking the average over fluctuations. We find that, despite the apparently small differences among the two generalizations of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the consequences at the level of the universal decoherence mechanism they entail is significant, as they predict decoherence times that are completely uncorrelated and distinct.
The generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) is a phenomenological model whose purpose is to account for a minimal length scale (e.g., Planck scale or characteristic inverse-mass scale in effective quantum description) in quantum systems. In this paper, we study possible observational effects of GUP systems in their decoherence domain. We first derive coherent states associated to GUP and unveil that in the momentum representation they coincide with Tsallis probability amplitudes, whose nonextensivity parameter qqq monotonically increases with the GUP deformation parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$. Second, for $\ensuremath{\beta}<0$ (i.e., q<1q<1q<1), we show that, due to Bekner-Babenko inequality, the GUP is fully equivalent to information-theoretic uncertainty relations based on Tsallis-entropy-power. Finally, we invoke the maximal entropy principle known from estimation theory to reveal connection between the quasiclassical (decoherence) limit of GUP-related quantum theory and nonextensive thermostatistics of Tsallis. This might provide an exciting paradigm in a range of fields from quantum theory to analog gravity. For instance, in some quantum gravity theories, such as conformal gravity, aforementioned quasiclassical regime has relevant observational consequences. We discuss some of the implications.
The characterisation of quantum phases in strongly correlated systems is a crucial milestone for the deployment of quantum sensors. In this work, we present a Physics-Informed Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) designed to detect the topological phase transition between the Fermi polaron quasiparticle and the molecular bound state. Unlike conventional Machine Learning approaches, our quantum architecture is constructed via the Trotterised time-evolution of an effective Hamiltonian, ensuring that the learnable parameters correspond to interpretable physical quantities. We show that the VQC efficiently discovers the optimal interferometric protocol, specifically the evolution time and effective bath interactions required to maximise the visibility of Ramsey fringes, thereby clearly distinguishing the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) regimes. Furthermore, we report the validation of this classifier on the QRed superconducting quantum processor (BSC-CNS). Despite the intrinsic hardware noise and decoherence, the VQC preserves the relative ordering of the topological phases. We demonstrate that the physics-informed architecture achieves a linear gate complexity O(N)\mathcal{O}(N)O(N), bypassing the exponential memory wall of classical simulation and ensuring scalability to many-body regimes.