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arXiv:2606.04936

Stabilizing the parquet problem

Herbert Eßl, Stefan Rohshap, Marcel Gievers, Markus Wallerberger, A. Toschi, Anna Kauch

Published Jun 3, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We systematically analyze the stability of the iterative solution of the parquet equations by studying the spectrum of the Jacobian associated with the commonly used damped fixed-point iteration procedure. In this context, we provide an explicit criterion that determines when the physical fixed point of the parquet iteration becomes unstable. Importantly, we demonstrate that misleading convergence issues, observed in parquet calculations at intermediate-to-high interaction values, are not restricted to parameter regions where the two-particle irreducible vertex diverges, but can also arise in absence of vertex divergences. Hence, the misleading convergence issues of parquet-based algorithms are not directly caused by the crossings of two solutions of the (multivalued) Luttinger-Ward functional, that are associated with vertex divergences. Building on these insights, we apply the controlled stabilization strategy of Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 016502 (2026) to the challenging case of the parquet iteration. This strategy allows the convergence to the physical solution in the instability regimes. We apply this procedure to the zero-point model and the Hubbard model in the atomic limit, where we successfully stabilize the physical solution deep in the non-perturbative regime, even across multiple divergence lines. Further, we compare our stabilization strategy to alternative fixed-point solvers that can be used to solve the parquet problem.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2606.04936

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We systematically analyze the stability of the iterative solution of the parquet equations by studying the spectrum of the Jacobian associated with the commonly used damped fixed-point iteration procedure. In this context, we provide an explicit criterion that determines when the physical fixed point of the parquet iteration becomes unstable. Importantly, we demonstrate that misleading convergence issues, observed in parquet calculations at intermediate-to-high interaction values, are not restricted to parameter regions where the two-particle irreducible vertex diverges, but can also arise in absence of vertex divergences. Hence, the misleading convergence issues of parquet-based algorithms are not directly caused by the crossings of two solutions of the (multivalued) Luttinger-Ward functional, that are associated with vertex divergences. Building on these insights, we apply the controlled stabilization strategy of Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 016502 (2026) to the challenging case of the parquet iteration. This strategy allows the convergence to the physical solution in the instability regimes. We apply this procedure to the zero-point model and the Hubbard model in the atomic limit, where we successfully stabilize the physical solution deep in the non-perturbative regime, even across multiple divergence lines. Further, we compare our stabilization strategy to alternative fixed-point solvers that can be used to solve the parquet problem.
While self-consistent diagrammatic approaches are widely used to compute the physical properties of correlated quantum materials, their applicability may get severely hindered precisely in the parameter regions where the most exciting physics is observed. One of the major issues, referred to as "misleading convergence", is the tendency of iterative schemes to converge to unphysical fixed points for intermediate-to-strong electronic interactions, regardless of the numerical accuracy of the computation. Here, we explicitly verify that the origin of this problem in several established self-consistent many-electron approaches, defined in the general diagrammatic framework of the boson-exchange formalism, resides exclusively in the stability condition of the respective iteration schemes, and not in an intrinsic breakdown of their self-consistent diagrammatic description. This insight enables a simple and general remedy, as recently proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 016502 (2026): The redefinition of the iterative procedure, by inverting the unstable eigendirections of the Jacobian associated with the fixed point of the self-consistent algorithm. We illustrate the successful outcome of this procedure by means of systematic calculations performed on exactly solvable testbed models. Our results demonstrate that the physical fixed point of the diagrammatic schemes we considered can be stabilized, de facto, across the entire parameter range, including the most challenging nonperturbative/strong-coupling regimes.
Self-consistent approaches in many-electron problems typically converge to an unphysical solution in strongly correlated regimes. By deriving the mathematical condition for the stability of the physical solution, we unveil the precise relation between two distinct issues previously considered equivalent: the misleading convergence in self-consistent schemes and the multivaluedness of the Luttinger-Ward functional. Although these problems are fundamentally linked through the divergences of the irreducible vertex function, we show that misleading convergence can occur even in the absence of such divergences. Eventually, a systematic procedure for stabilizing the physical solution is proposed.
The thesis concerns a numerical implementation of the Parquet summation of diagrams within Green's functions theory applied to calculations of nuclear systems. The main motivation has been to investigate whether it is possible to develop this approach to a level comparable in accuracy and reliability to other ab initio nuclear structure methods. \n\nThe Green's functions approach is theoretically well-established in many-body theory, but to our knowledge, no actual application to nuclear systemshas been previously published. It has a number of desirable properties, foremostthe gently scaling with system size compared to direct diagonalization and the closeness to experimentally accessible quantities. The main drawback is the\nnumerical instabilities due to the pole structure of the one-particle propagator, leading to convergence difficulties. This issue is one of the main focal points of the work presented in this thesis, and strategies to improve the convergence properties are described and investigated. \n\nWe have applied the method both to a simple model which can be solved by exact diagonalization and to the more realistic 4He system. The results shows that our implementation is close to the exact solution in the simple model as long as the interaction strengths are small. As the number of particles increases,\nconvergence is increasingly hard to obtain. In the 4He case, we obtain results in the vicinity of the results from comparable approaches. The numerical in-stabilities in the current implementation still prevents the desired accuracy and\nstability necessary to achieve the current benchmark standards.
The Luttinger-Ward functional (LWF) has been a starting point for conserving approximations in many-body physics for 50 years. The recent discoveries of its multivaluedness and the associated divergence of the two-particle irreducible vertex function $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ have revealed an inherent limitation of this approach. Here we demonstrate how these undesirable properties of the LWF can lead to a failure of computational methods based on an approximation of the LWF. We apply the nested cluster scheme (NCS) to the Hubbard model and observe the existence of an additional stationary point of the self-consistent equations, associated with an unphysical branch of the LWF. In the strongly correlated regime, starting with the first divergence of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$, this unphysical stationary point becomes attractive in the standard iterative technique used to solve DMFT. This leads to an incorrect solution, even in the large cluster size limit, for which we discuss diagnostics.