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arXiv:2605.27442

Coherent catalyst induced stabilization of ergotropy in open quantum batteries

Ni-Ya Zhuang, Shun-Cai Zhao

quant-phSubmitted May 23, 2026• Announced May 26, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

Environmental dissipation and thermal fluctuations fundamentally constrain the extractable work and long-time stability of open quantum batteries. To mitigate dissipation-induced energy degradation without external driving protocols, we propose a cavity-mediated hybrid quantum battery coupled to an auxiliary coherent qubit. Using the Lindblad master equation and ergotropy analysis, we show that coherent interference between different interaction channels generates a decoherence-free-like invariant subspace that suppresses relaxation-induced energy leakage and stabilizes the steady-state ergotropy. The resulting protection mechanism remains effective under strong dissipation and finite-temperature conditions, indicating that interference-assisted coherent control may provide a feasible strategy for robust quantum energy storage in nonequilibrium open systems.

Comments
7 pages, 5 figures

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Environmental dissipation and thermal fluctuations fundamentally constrain the extractable work and long-time stability of open quantum batteries. To mitigate dissipation-induced energy degradation without external driving protocols, we propose a cavity-mediated hybrid quantum battery coupled to an auxiliary coherent qubit. Using the Lindblad master equation and ergotropy analysis, we show that coherent interference between different interaction channels generates a decoherence-free-like invariant subspace that suppresses relaxation-induced energy leakage and stabilizes the steady-state ergotropy. The resulting protection mechanism remains effective under strong dissipation and finite-temperature conditions, indicating that interference-assisted coherent control may provide a feasible strategy for robust quantum energy storage in nonequilibrium open systems.
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Quantum batteries utilize nonclassical resources to achieve charging speed and energy storage performances that surpass classical thermodynamic limits. However, the practical realization of quantum batteries is often constrained by the inevitable environment-induced dissipation of both stored ergotropy and coherence. To actively counteract these losses, we propose a dual-channel coherence framework that exploits dark-state protection to stabilize ergotropy. We conduct, for the first time, an investigation of the synergistic interplay between internal charger coherence and reservoir squeezing, the latter acting as a source of external coherence. In the resource-efficient regime where charger and battery sizes are comparable, our study shows that internal charger coherence and reservoir squeezing jointly enhance the transient charging power. Crucially, initial charger coherence is the fundamental resource for maximizing and stabilizing steady-state ergotropy through dark-state protection. Our analysis reveals that these advantages are driven by the buildup of local battery coherence, which emerges from the integration of both internal and external coherence sources. These results offer a robust pathway for high-power, stabilized energy storage in quantum architectures.
This study investigates the performance and ergotropy protection of open collective quantum batteries subject to superradiant decay. By employing a passive spectral detuning strategy within an intermediate cavity, an optimal detuning value (Δ∗Δ^*Δ∗) is analytically derived and numerically verified to spectrally isolate the system and protect quantum coherence, achieving up to 1088% ergotropy improvement for single qubits and superextensive collective advantage for N≥3N \ge 3N≥3. Our analysis resolves a "non-Markovian paradox," revealing that maximizing ergotropy does not strictly require non-Markovian memory; rather, suppressing environmental memory via detuning optimally preserves coherence, which serves as the fundamental resource. Survival maps across different environments demonstrate that thermal noise dissipates coherence more severely than telegraph noise. Finally, we establish that collective amplification of the effective coupling (geff=gN)g_{\rm eff} = g\sqrt{N})geff​=gN​) inevitably drives large qubit arrays into the ultra-strong coupling regime, providing a quantitative ceiling NmaxN_{\rm max}Nmax​ on the validity of the Tavis-Cummings description and the current ergotropy protection protocol.