While the spatial arrangement of individual units is essential for the physical implementation of quantum batteries, geometry-dependent interactions are rarely explicitly incorporated into existing theoretical models. To address this, we propose a planar many-body quantum-battery architecture consisting of coupled resonators. By introducing a distance-dependent function to modulate both the inter-battery coupling and tunneling, we investigate the open-system charging dynamics in the strong-coupling regime using a Redfield master-equation approach. Using ergotropy as the primary figure of merit, we demonstrate that the charging performance is highly sensitive to the inter-battery distance, nearest-neighbor coupling strength, and environmental conditions. Specifically, decreasing the inter-battery distance within an optimal window suppresses charging fluctuations and accelerates the system's approach to a steady charged state. However, an excessively short distance amplifies environmental dissipation, thereby degrading the overall performance. Furthermore, while overly strong inter-battery coupling induces post-charging instability, moderate coupling achieves a favorable balance between maximum stored energy and stability. We also establish that the system-bath coupling and bath cutoff frequency predominantly govern the charging timescale, and that the planar architecture maintains its robustness against thermal fluctuations over a broad temperature range. These results highlight the critical role of geometry-controlled interactions in many-body quantum batteries, providing a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of two-dimensional quantum energy-storage devices.
While the spatial arrangement of individual units is essential for the physical implementation of quantum batteries, geometry-dependent interactions are rarely explicitly incorporated into existing theoretical models. To address this, we propose a planar many-body quantum-battery architecture consisting of coupled resonators. By introducing a distance-dependent function to modulate both the inter-battery coupling and tunneling, we investigate the open-system charging dynamics in the strong-coupling regime using a Redfield master-equation approach. Using ergotropy as the primary figure of merit, we demonstrate that the charging performance is highly sensitive to the inter-battery distance, nearest-neighbor coupling strength, and environmental conditions. Specifically, decreasing the inter-battery distance within an optimal window suppresses charging fluctuations and accelerates the system's approach to a steady charged state. However, an excessively short distance amplifies environmental dissipation, thereby degrading the overall performance. Furthermore, while overly strong inter-battery coupling induces post-charging instability, moderate coupling achieves a favorable balance between maximum stored energy and stability. We also establish that the system-bath coupling and bath cutoff frequency predominantly govern the charging timescale, and that the planar architecture maintains its robustness against thermal fluctuations over a broad temperature range. These results highlight the critical role of geometry-controlled interactions in many-body quantum batteries, providing a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of two-dimensional quantum energy-storage devices.
Quantum batteries provide a platform for investigating energy storage and extraction in quantum many-body systems. Here, we study a charging protocol in which battery and chargoid roles are assigned to different Hamiltonian components of a standalone many-body spin system. By externally controlling the contribution of the intrinsic battery Hamiltonian during charging, we reveal a tunable competition between intrinsic and charging dynamics. We find that suppressing the intrinsic battery contribution can substantially enhance both the maximum stored energy and charging power, with the magnitude of the enhancement determined by the interaction structure and range. We further investigate the protocol in a Markovian open-system setting that incorporates energy relaxation and pure dephasing. While environmental effects generally degrade charging performance, they can instead enhance energy-storage and energy-extraction dynamics in certain interacting systems. The enhancement associated with the controlled suppression of the intrinsic battery dynamics remains robust in the presence of environmental coupling.
In this paper, we theoretically investigate the charging dynamics of a closed quantum battery embodied by a four-level atom in a diamond configuration, operating without dissipation. The system is coupled to a single-mode cavity field, which acts as the charger initially prepared in a coherent state, and is simultaneously manipulated by an external classical driving field. By solving the exact system dynamics, we provide a holistic analysis of key performance metrics, including stored energy, ergotropy, energy fluctuations, and von Neumann entropy, as a function of critical system parameters. Our investigation delineates a paramount trade-off; while larger initial charger amplitudes and optimized detunings substantially enhance the stored energy and extractable work, they concurrently amplify fluctuations and entropy, thereby diminishing the battery’s stability and quantum coherence. Crucially, we demonstrate that the coupling to the external drive exhibits a non-monotonic influence, revealing an optimal intermediate regime, specifically at a classical driving strength of λ 2 = 0.5 and detunings δ 1 = δ 3 = 1 ω f , that judiciously balances rapid energy uptake with stable, long-term storage. These results elucidate the complex interplay of coherent control and system parameters, offering critical insights for the rational design of efficient and robust quantum energy storage devices by effectively decoupling charging performance from operational instability.
While quantum batteries have been widely studied under static driving, their performance under periodic driving in many-body systems has received only limited attention. In this Letter, we uncover structural principles showing that many-body structure fundamentally determines the charging performance of a collective spin-1/2 quantum battery driven by a periodic Ising charger. In particular, interaction range, boundary conditions, system size, and integrability -- capturing graph connectivity, geometry, even-odd effects, and many-body dynamics -- emerge as critical factors for enhancing stored energy and charging power. First, we analyze how connectivity scaling and boundary geometry shape battery performance. We show that long-range interacting chargers exhibit superextensive energy storage, approaching the fundamental upper bound over broad ranges of driving periods and system sizes. In contrast, nearest-neighbor chargers achieve optimal charging only under finely tuned commensurability conditions. Moreover, we find that open boundary conditions (OBC) enhance robustness compared to periodic boundary conditions (PBC). Second, we examine the role of integrability under periodic driving. We demonstrate that nonintegrability enhances energy storage by suppressing conserved quantities and promoting ergodic Floquet dynamics, thereby enabling efficient population of the many-body spectrum. Through systematic structural optimization across multiple parameters, we identify long-range nonintegrability as a central resource for fast, scalable, and robust charging of collective quantum batteries. Our results clarify how structural features of many-body systems, together with periodic driving, can be harnessed to achieve efficient collective charging dynamics.
We investigate the role of spatial geometry in controlling energy storage and work extraction in a non-Markovian quantum battery. The system consists of two identical two-level systems coupled to a structured waveguide reservoir, where one qubit serves as the charger and the other as the battery. The spatial separation between the qubits introduces a geometry-dependent phase that governs collective interference, directly modulating the decay channels and energy transfer dynamics. We show that tuning the interqubit distance allows for the engineering of bright and dark collective pathways, which, in conjunction with environmental memory, significantly enhances the charging power, maximal stored energy, and ergotropy revivals.
We investigate the charging dynamics of a frequency-modulated quantum battery (QB) placed within a dissipative cavity environment. Our study focuses on the interaction of such a battery under both weak and strong coupling regimes, employing a model in which the quantum battery and charger are represented as frequency-modulated qubits indirectly coupled through a zero-temperature environment. It is demonstrated that both the modulation frequency and amplitude are crucial for optimizing the charging process and the ergotropy of the quantum battery. Specifically, high-amplitude, low-frequency modulation significantly enhances charging performance and work extraction in the strong coupling regime. As an intriguing result, it is deduced that modulation at very low frequencies leads to the emergence of energy storage and work extraction in the weak coupling regime. Such a result can never be achieved without modulation in the weak coupling regime. These results highlight the importance of adjusting modulation parameters to optimize the performance of quantum batteries for real-world applications in quantum technologies.
We study the charging performance of a one-dimensional many-body bosonic quantum battery coupled to a harmonic-oscillator charger. In the weak-coupling regime, we show that the battery--charger dynamics can be accurately described by an effective two-level model, which predicts the resonance condition, optimal charging time, stored work, ergotropy, and charging power. We demonstrate that tuning the charger frequency to the interaction-shifted resonance enables complete energy transfer and maximum extractable work. A many-body charging advantage is observed: increasing the particle number reduces the quantum speed-limit time and enhances the charging power with a characteristic NB scaling. We further introduce a decomposition of the switching cost into resonance-shifting and excitation contributions, allowing us to quantify the energetic overhead associated with the charging process. Owing to the small charging cost relative to the available charger energy, stronger battery--charger couplings can be employed to significantly boost the charging power while maintaining a low excitation cost. Our results highlight the role of resonance engineering and many-body effects in designing fast and efficient quantum batteries, and provide a promising route toward their realization in ultracold-atom platforms.