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arXiv:2604.09973 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Quantum Energy Teleportation Across Lattice and Continuum

Kazuki Ikeda

hep-thquant-phSubmitted Apr 11, 2026• Announced Apr 14, 2026• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) has been studied in continuum field theory and in lattice many-body systems, but the relation between the two within a single interacting model is still not well understood. To address this question, we consider the massive Thirring model, equivalently the sine--Gordon theory. In the continuum, the trigonometric measurement is a weak binary Positive Operator-Valued Measure (POVM), and its leading signal is set by a conserved-current correlator in the bosonized theory, with both gapless behavior and gapped large-distance asymptotics. On the lattice, the conventional protocol does not access this neutral current sector. For Alice's local measurement, a lattice $U(1)$ selection rule removes the neutral current contribution from Bob's subsystem, and the separated signal lies in charged sectors. On the same lattice Hamiltonian we construct a neutral current protocol whose weak signal is exactly a coarse-grained current correlator and whose extracted energy scales quadratically with the measurement strength. This identifies the neutral sector shared by the lattice and continuum descriptions, while separating it from the charged sector that governs the conventional qubit protocol.

Journal reference
Phys. Rev. D 114, 045016 (2026)
DOI
10.1103/6yq9-7szd

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Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol that enables the extraction of positive energy from a local subsystem by exploiting ground-state entanglement and classical communication, without any physical carrier transporting energy between distant parties. In this work, we propose and analyze a QET protocol implemented in strongly driven atomic systems subjected to intense classical fields. We model a pair of interacting two-level atoms (or effective few-level systems) driven by a strong, time-dependent field and coupled via dipole–dipole or mediated interactions. The strong field creates a nontrivial, Floquet-engineered energy landscape and modifies the structure of ground-state and steady-state correlations. Within this setting, we construct local energy density operators and identify regimes in which negative local energy densities are dynamically generated and can be accessed via local measurements. We then formulate a QET protocol in which Alice performs a local measurement on her strongly driven atom, injects energy into the system, and sends the classical outcome to Bob, who performs a conditional local unitary on his distant atom to extract positive energy from the strongly driven environment. We derive explicit expressions for the teleported energy and analyze its dependence on driving strength, detuning, atom–atom coupling, and measurement parameters. Our results demonstrate that strong-field driving can enhance the amount of teleported power , extend the QET operating range to non-equilibrium Floquet regimes, and provide a feasible route toward realizing QET in tabletop atomic platforms driven by intense laser fields.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol that unlocks the extraction of local energy and has been thought to fundamentally require classical communication (CC), since Bob must normally learn Alice's measurement outcome to perform the proper conditional operation (CO).In this work, we demonstrate that CC itself can be removed for the purpose of QET: When Bob's local operation is implemented through a weak coupling to an auxiliary qubit, the interaction naturally adapts to Alice's post-measurement state, thereby realizing the necessary CO without any classical message.This establishes a CC-free form of QET, which broadens its conceptual scope and suggests practical applications such as indirect external control for charging of quantum batteries.
We construct a set of quasi-local measurement operators in 2D CFT, and then use them to proceed the quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocol and show it is viable. These measurement operators are constructed out of the projectors constructed from shadow operators, but further acting on the product of two spatially separated primary fields. They are equivalently the OPE blocks in the large central charge limit up to some UV-cutoff dependent normalization but the associated probabilities of outcomes are UV-cutoff independent. We then adopt these quantum measurement operators to show that the QET protocol is viable in general. We also check the CHSH inequality a la OPE blocks.
We establish an exponentially decaying upper bound on the average energy that can be extracted in quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols executed on finite-range {gapped} lattice systems possessing a unique ground state. Under mild regularity assumptions on the Hamiltonian and uniform operator-norm bounds on the local measurement operators, there exist positive constants CCC and μμμ (determined by the spectral gap, interaction range and local operator norms) such that for any local measurement performed in a region AAA and any outcome-dependent local unitaries implemented in a disjoint region BBB separated by distance d=dist⁡(A,B)d=\operatorname{dist}(A,B)d=dist(A,B) one has ∣EA−EB∣≤C e−μd|E_A-E_B|\le C\,e^{-μd}∣EA​−EB​∣≤Ce−μd. The bound is nonperturbative, explicit up to model-dependent constants, and follows from the variational characterization of the ground state combined with exponential clustering implied by the spectral gap. We emphasize that the constants deteriorate as the gap closes (equivalently, as the correlation length diverges), so the estimate is intended for the gapped regime.
We establish a novel quantum protocol called Timelike Quantum Energy Teleportation (TQET) between two separated parties AAA and BBB, designed for transporting quantum energy across spacetime. The amount of energy gained through TQET is always greater than or equal to that obtained via natural time evolution for any spin chain where AAA and BBB are distinguishable. This protocol uses temporal and spatial quantum correlations between agents separated by space and time. The energy supplier injects energy into the system by measuring the ground state of a many-body system that evolves over time, while the distant recipient performs a conditional operation using feedback from the supplier. When Bob acts immediately after receiving Alice's outcome, the protocol reduces to conventional QET. We present a proof-of-concept demonstration in the Ising model using quantum simulations. TQET increases energy efficiency from approximately 3\% to around 40\%, representing over a 13-fold improvement compared to QET. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between entanglement in time and TQET, validating the role of temporal correlations in energy activation between agents across spacetime.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) has been proposed to overcome the restrictions of strong local passivity (SLP) and to facilitate energy transfer in quantum systems. Traditionally, QET has only been considered under strict constraints, including the requirements that the initial state be the ground state of an interacting Hamiltonian, that Alice's measurement commute with the interaction terms, and that entanglement be present. These constraints have significantly limited the broader applicability of QET protocols. In this work, we demonstrate that SLP can arise beyond these conventional constraints, establishing the necessity of QET in a wider range of scenarios for local energy extraction. This leads to a more flexible and generalized framework for QET. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of a "local effective Hamiltonian," which eliminates the need for optimization techniques in determining Bob's optimal energy extraction in QET protocols. As an additional advantage, the amount of energy that can be extracted using our new protocol is amplified to be 7.2 times higher than that of the original protocol. These advancements enhance our understanding of QET and extend its broader applications to quantum technologies. To support our findings, we implement the protocol on quantum hardware, confirming its theoretical validity and experimental feasibility.