Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2604.08151

Charging Quantum Batteries via Dissipative Quenches

Riccardo Grazi, Donato Farina, Niccolò Traverso Ziani, Dario Ferraro

quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallSubmitted Apr 9, 2026• Announced Apr 10, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate work extraction in open quantum batteries composed of interacting spin chains weakly coupled to engineered environments. Focusing on two- and four-qubit XX models initially prepared in thermal Gibbs states, we analyze how dissipation and dephasing, acting either locally or collectively, can generate and shape ergotropy during both transient and steady-state dynamics. By introducing a continuous interpolation between parallel and collective noise channels, we systematically characterize the impact of environmental structure on work extractability. We show that purely dissipative dynamics can activate finite ergotropy from completely passive thermal states, giving rise to temperature-dependent transient regimes where hotter initial states temporarily outperform colder ones in an ergotropic Mpemba-like fashion. In contrast, collective dissipation leads to steady states whose passivity crucially depends on the initial temperature and system size, a behavior we trace back to the emergence of non-trivial dark subspaces. Finally, we demonstrate that dephasing channels suppress both transient advantages and steady-state work extraction, highlighting the qualitative difference between dissipative and dephasing environments.

Comments
14 pages, 13 figures. Submission to SciPost

Related papers

Enhancing work-extraction in quantum batteries via correlated reservoirs

Sejal Ahuja, Tanoy Kanti Konar, Aditi Sen De

Going beyond isolated system dynamics, we examine how local and spatially correlated reservoirs influence the work extraction in quantum batteries. By employing a one-dimensional spin-1/2 model coupled to baths via dephasing and amplitude-damping noise, we demonstrate that correlations in reservoirs can significantly enhance battery's performance compared to local noise. In the dephasing scenario, we prove that correlated reservoirs produce a finite amount of extractable work, or ergotropy, during the transient regime when a two-cell battery is initialized in a product state while local noise yields vanishing ergotropy at all times, despite nonvanishing stored energy in both cases. Numerical simulations confirm that this advantage persists across larger system sizes and for both entangled and product initial states. We also find that the dynamics of quantum coherence closely mirror those of ergotropy, highlighting coherence as a key resource underlying the enhanced performance of quantum batteries. Further, we observe that the fraction of stored energy extracted from quantum batteries displays a sharper contrast between the correlated and local reservoirs. Moreover, for dephasing noise, this fraction remains independent of system size, whereas in the amplitude damping case, it exhibits a clear system-size dependence within the transient regime, highlighting distinct operational behaviors under different noise models. In addition, we reveal that when the battery dynamics is governed by an effective Hamiltonian with long-range interactions, it yields higher ergotropy compared to short-range interactions, emphasizing the advantages of reservoir engineering for efficient device design.

arXiv:2509.25109•Sep 29, 2025•0 citations

Ergotropy from coherences in an open quantum system

Barış Çakmak

We show that it is possible to have nonzero ergotropy in the steady states of an open quantum system consisting of qubits that are collectively coupled to a thermal bath at a finite temperature. The dynamics of our model leads the qubits into a steady state that has coherences in the energy eigenbasis when the system consists of more than a single qubit. We observe that even though the system does not have inverted populations, it is possible to extract work from the coherences and we analytically show that in the high-temperature limit, ergotropy per unit energy is equal to the l_{1} norm of coherence for the two-qubit case. Further, we analyze the scaling of coherence and ergotropy as a function of the number of qubits in the system for different initial states. Our results demonstrate that one can design a quantum battery that is charged by a dissipative thermal bath in the weak-coupling regime.

arXiv:2005.08489•Physical review. E•Oct 9, 2020•92 citations

Engineering Coherence and Ergotropy through Spatial Arrangement of Environmental Channel in a Two-Qubit Quantum Battery

Gayatree Swain

We investigate how the spatial arrangement of environment channel influences the dynamics of coherence and work extraction in a two-qubit quantum battery with resonant qubits coupled through an XY-exchange interaction. Qubit B is attached to a finite-temperature thermal bath, while RTN noise is applied either to qubit A or to qubit B, depending on whether it is in a separated or co-located configuration, respectively. Two complementary product states are considered to initialise the coherence on different qubits. The dynamics are evaluated using local $l_{1}$-norm coherence, global ergotropy and the global-local ergotropy gap. The results suggest that a stronger exchange interaction enhances the redistribution of coherence without necessarily improving retention of extractable work. For the parameter investigated, the greater global ergotropy is retained in the case of the co-located configuration, especially when the initially coherent qubit is not directly affected by the RTN. However, the configuration provides the largest global-local ergotropy gap, which varies with the exchange interaction, initial state and thermal coupling. Suppression of the gap at large $J$ is typically observed in the case of stronger thermalisation, although enhancement of intermediate-coupling may occur. These results establish that total extractable work, local coherence and collective work advantage quantify the distinct aspects of quantum battery performances. The initial distribution of coherence and the spatial arrangement thus provide complementary mechanisms for regulating locally and collectively extractable work in interacting open quantum batteries.

quant-pharXiv:2608.28153•Aug 31, 2026•0 citations

Work extraction from coupled qubits in equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermal reservoirs

Maryam Hadipour, Soroush Haseli

This study investigates the thermodynamic behavior of a two-qubit quantum system, where each qubit is coupled to an independent thermal reservoir, either bosonic or fermionic. Using a master equation approach, we analyze both steady-state and time-dependent ergotropy to understand how different reservoir statistics affect work extraction. In bosonic environments, ergotropy consistently declines with increasing temperature due to thermal noise. In contrast, fermionic reservoirs exhibit more complex behavior, with ergotropy enhanced by particle transport under non-equilibrium conditions. Our results reveal a threshold-like sensitivity to the chemical potential configuration, leading to qualitatively distinct regimes of energy storage performance. Time-resolved analyses show that the system's approach to steady state varies depending on the type of reservoir and the coupling strength between qubits. These insights highlight how carefully engineered reservoir properties and non-equilibrium driving can be leveraged to optimize quantum battery performance.

Scientific Reports•Aug 28, 2025•1 citation

Fast charging of a quantum battery assisted by noise

Srijon Ghosh, Titas Chanda, Shiladitya Mal +1 more

We investigate the performance of a quantum battery exposed to local Markovian and non-Markovian dephasing noises. The battery is initially prepared as the ground state of a one-dimensional transverse $XY$ model with open boundary condition and is charged (discharged) via interactions with local bosonic reservoirs. We show that in the transient regime, the quantum battery (QB) can store energy faster and has a higher maximum extractable work, quantified via ergotropy, when it is affected by local phase-flip or bit-flip Markovian noise compared to the case when there is no noise in the system. In both the charging and discharging processes, we report the enhancement in work output as well as in ergotropy when all the spins are affected by a non-Markovian Ohmic bath in both the transient and the steady-state regimes, thereby showing a counterintuitive advantage of decoherence in the QB. In both Markovian and non-Markovian cases, we identify the system parameters and the corresponding noise models which lead to maximum enhancement of work output and ergotropy. Moreover, we show that the benefit due to noise persists even with the initial state being prepared at a moderate temperature.

arXiv:2005.12859•Physical Review A•Sep 9, 2021•120 citations

Collective-dissipation-induced dark and metastable-like states for enhanced quantum battery performance

Achraf Khoudiri, Asghar Ullah, Abderrahim El Allati +1 more

We investigate the role of symmetry-protected dark states and metastable-like frozen states in the autonomous charging dynamics of open quantum batteries described by a transverse-field Ising model. By comparing local and collective dissipation over a range of system sizes, temperatures, and magnetic phases, we demonstrate that collective dissipation generates symmetry-protected dark states together with a much larger set of frozen (metastable) states, forming an extended protected Hilbert space. We derive the multiplicity of the collective dark sector analytically, showing that it follows the Catalan sequence for even system sizes, while such states are absent for odd sizes. Our results show that collective dissipation can enhance ergotropy and charging power, with its advantage depending on temperature, magnetic phase, and system size. While the number of dark and frozen states is identical in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, the achievable ergotropy differs substantially because of the different spectral locations of these protected states. In particular, the antiferromagnetic configuration exhibits considerably larger extractable work owing to the favorable positioning of the protected subspaces within the many-body energy spectrum. Finally, we analyze the active Hilbert-space fraction and show that metastable protection provides an effective mechanism for suppressing dissipative losses while preserving efficient charging pathways. These results establish the dark-state and frozen-state sectors as key resources for optimizing the performance of open quantum batteries through engineered dissipation.

quant-pharXiv:2608.09693•Aug 11, 2026•0 citations
We investigate work extraction in open quantum batteries composed of interacting spin chains weakly coupled to engineered environments. Focusing on two- and four-qubit XX models initially prepared in thermal Gibbs states, we analyze how dissipation and dephasing, acting either locally or collectively, can generate and shape ergotropy during both transient and steady-state dynamics. By introducing a continuous interpolation between parallel and collective noise channels, we systematically characterize the impact of environmental structure on work extractability. We show that purely dissipative dynamics can activate finite ergotropy from completely passive thermal states, giving rise to temperature-dependent transient regimes where hotter initial states temporarily outperform colder ones in an ergotropic Mpemba-like fashion. In contrast, collective dissipation leads to steady states whose passivity crucially depends on the initial temperature and system size, a behavior we trace back to the emergence of non-trivial dark subspaces. Finally, we demonstrate that dephasing channels suppress both transient advantages and steady-state work extraction, highlighting the qualitative difference between dissipative and dephasing environments.
Going beyond isolated system dynamics, we examine how local and spatially correlated reservoirs influence the work extraction in quantum batteries. By employing a one-dimensional spin-1/2 model coupled to baths via dephasing and amplitude-damping noise, we demonstrate that correlations in reservoirs can significantly enhance battery's performance compared to local noise. In the dephasing scenario, we prove that correlated reservoirs produce a finite amount of extractable work, or ergotropy, during the transient regime when a two-cell battery is initialized in a product state while local noise yields vanishing ergotropy at all times, despite nonvanishing stored energy in both cases. Numerical simulations confirm that this advantage persists across larger system sizes and for both entangled and product initial states. We also find that the dynamics of quantum coherence closely mirror those of ergotropy, highlighting coherence as a key resource underlying the enhanced performance of quantum batteries. Further, we observe that the fraction of stored energy extracted from quantum batteries displays a sharper contrast between the correlated and local reservoirs. Moreover, for dephasing noise, this fraction remains independent of system size, whereas in the amplitude damping case, it exhibits a clear system-size dependence within the transient regime, highlighting distinct operational behaviors under different noise models. In addition, we reveal that when the battery dynamics is governed by an effective Hamiltonian with long-range interactions, it yields higher ergotropy compared to short-range interactions, emphasizing the advantages of reservoir engineering for efficient device design.
We show that it is possible to have nonzero ergotropy in the steady states of an open quantum system consisting of qubits that are collectively coupled to a thermal bath at a finite temperature. The dynamics of our model leads the qubits into a steady state that has coherences in the energy eigenbasis when the system consists of more than a single qubit. We observe that even though the system does not have inverted populations, it is possible to extract work from the coherences and we analytically show that in the high-temperature limit, ergotropy per unit energy is equal to the l_{1} norm of coherence for the two-qubit case. Further, we analyze the scaling of coherence and ergotropy as a function of the number of qubits in the system for different initial states. Our results demonstrate that one can design a quantum battery that is charged by a dissipative thermal bath in the weak-coupling regime.
We investigate how the spatial arrangement of environment channel influences the dynamics of coherence and work extraction in a two-qubit quantum battery with resonant qubits coupled through an XY-exchange interaction. Qubit B is attached to a finite-temperature thermal bath, while RTN noise is applied either to qubit A or to qubit B, depending on whether it is in a separated or co-located configuration, respectively. Two complementary product states are considered to initialise the coherence on different qubits. The dynamics are evaluated using local l1l_{1}l1​-norm coherence, global ergotropy and the global-local ergotropy gap. The results suggest that a stronger exchange interaction enhances the redistribution of coherence without necessarily improving retention of extractable work. For the parameter investigated, the greater global ergotropy is retained in the case of the co-located configuration, especially when the initially coherent qubit is not directly affected by the RTN. However, the configuration provides the largest global-local ergotropy gap, which varies with the exchange interaction, initial state and thermal coupling. Suppression of the gap at large JJJ is typically observed in the case of stronger thermalisation, although enhancement of intermediate-coupling may occur. These results establish that total extractable work, local coherence and collective work advantage quantify the distinct aspects of quantum battery performances. The initial distribution of coherence and the spatial arrangement thus provide complementary mechanisms for regulating locally and collectively extractable work in interacting open quantum batteries.
This study investigates the thermodynamic behavior of a two-qubit quantum system, where each qubit is coupled to an independent thermal reservoir, either bosonic or fermionic. Using a master equation approach, we analyze both steady-state and time-dependent ergotropy to understand how different reservoir statistics affect work extraction. In bosonic environments, ergotropy consistently declines with increasing temperature due to thermal noise. In contrast, fermionic reservoirs exhibit more complex behavior, with ergotropy enhanced by particle transport under non-equilibrium conditions. Our results reveal a threshold-like sensitivity to the chemical potential configuration, leading to qualitatively distinct regimes of energy storage performance. Time-resolved analyses show that the system's approach to steady state varies depending on the type of reservoir and the coupling strength between qubits. These insights highlight how carefully engineered reservoir properties and non-equilibrium driving can be leveraged to optimize quantum battery performance.
We investigate the performance of a quantum battery exposed to local Markovian and non-Markovian dephasing noises. The battery is initially prepared as the ground state of a one-dimensional transverse XYXYXY model with open boundary condition and is charged (discharged) via interactions with local bosonic reservoirs. We show that in the transient regime, the quantum battery (QB) can store energy faster and has a higher maximum extractable work, quantified via ergotropy, when it is affected by local phase-flip or bit-flip Markovian noise compared to the case when there is no noise in the system. In both the charging and discharging processes, we report the enhancement in work output as well as in ergotropy when all the spins are affected by a non-Markovian Ohmic bath in both the transient and the steady-state regimes, thereby showing a counterintuitive advantage of decoherence in the QB. In both Markovian and non-Markovian cases, we identify the system parameters and the corresponding noise models which lead to maximum enhancement of work output and ergotropy. Moreover, we show that the benefit due to noise persists even with the initial state being prepared at a moderate temperature.
We investigate the role of symmetry-protected dark states and metastable-like frozen states in the autonomous charging dynamics of open quantum batteries described by a transverse-field Ising model. By comparing local and collective dissipation over a range of system sizes, temperatures, and magnetic phases, we demonstrate that collective dissipation generates symmetry-protected dark states together with a much larger set of frozen (metastable) states, forming an extended protected Hilbert space. We derive the multiplicity of the collective dark sector analytically, showing that it follows the Catalan sequence for even system sizes, while such states are absent for odd sizes. Our results show that collective dissipation can enhance ergotropy and charging power, with its advantage depending on temperature, magnetic phase, and system size. While the number of dark and frozen states is identical in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases, the achievable ergotropy differs substantially because of the different spectral locations of these protected states. In particular, the antiferromagnetic configuration exhibits considerably larger extractable work owing to the favorable positioning of the protected subspaces within the many-body energy spectrum. Finally, we analyze the active Hilbert-space fraction and show that metastable protection provides an effective mechanism for suppressing dissipative losses while preserving efficient charging pathways. These results establish the dark-state and frozen-state sectors as key resources for optimizing the performance of open quantum batteries through engineered dissipation.