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arXiv:2603.25461

Mass-correction-induced enhancement of quantum correlations even beyond entanglement in the $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow J/ψ\rightarrow Λ(pπ^{-}) \barΛ(\bar{p}π^{+})$ process at the BESIII experiment under memory effects

Elhabib Jaloum, Omar Bachain, Mohamed Amazioug, Nazek Alessa, Wedad R. Alharbi, Rachid Ahl Laamara, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty

quant-phSubmitted Mar 26, 2026• Announced Mar 27, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this work, we derive the bipartite density matrix for the $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow J/ψ\rightarrow Λ(pπ^{-}) \barΛ(\bar{p}π^{+})$ process at BESIII. We evaluate the impact of mass corrections and memory effects (within Markovian and non-Markovian regimes) on quantum correlations even beyond entanglement. The dependence of these quantum properties on the scattering angle $\varphi$ is analyzed, with a particular focus on the impact of mass corrections. By comparing massless and mass-corrected scenarios, we demonstrate that the inclusion of mass effects enhances the maximum violation of the Bell inequality. While the qualitative temporal behavior remains unchanged, mass corrections quantitatively modify the angular distribution and introduce additional extrema at $\varphi=0$ and $\varphi=π$, thereby strengthening non-local correlations without altering their fundamental dynamical origin. An examination of the hierarchy of quantum correlations in baryon-antibaryon systems yields partial confirmation: $\text{Bell Nonlocality} \subset \text{Steering} \subset \text{Entanglement} \subset \text{Discord}$. Additionally, our results show that classical correlations serve to mitigate the decoherence and the decay of quantum correlations. This interplay between classical and quantum correlations suggests practical applications in quantum information and provides a robust framework for investigating baryon-antibaryon interactions.

Comments
20 pages, 19 figures

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Comment on "Controlling the dynamical evolution of quantum coherence and quantum correlations in $e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow Λ\barΛ$ processes at BESIII''

Saeed Haddadi

We critically examine recent claims [Phys. Rev. D 113, 016024 (2026)] regarding quantum coherence, steering, and non-Markovian dynamics in the hyperon-antihyperon system produced in the process $e^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow Λ\barΛ$. We argue that the theoretical framework employed in the analyzed work suffers from fundamental physical inconsistencies. In particular, the treatment of the $Λ\barΛ$ pair as a bipartite system evolving under correlated quantum channels is not physically justified, since the produced hyperons are free, unstable particles that do not interact with a common environment after production. Consequently, the application of open quantum system techniques, including Markovian and non-Markovian quantum channels, lacks a clear physical basis. Moreover, we show that the computation and interpretation of quantum steering for this system is operationally and conceptually meaningless, as no well-defined measurement-induced state update or controllable local measurement scenario exists for unstable relativistic particles. These issues call into question the physical relevance of the reported quantum correlations, their hierarchy, and their dynamical behavior. Our analysis highlights the necessity of carefully distinguishing between formal mathematical quantifiers of quantumness and physically realizable quantum information protocols in high-energy particle systems.

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Mass-correction-induced enhancement of quantum correlations even beyond entanglement in the e+e−→J/ψ→Λ(pπ−)Λˉ(pˉπ+)e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow J/ψ\rightarrow Λ(pπ^{-}) \barΛ(\bar{p}π^{+})e+e−→J/ψ→Λ(pπ−)Λˉ(pˉ​π+) process at the BESIII experiment under memory effects
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Quantum coherence, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, is of paramount importance for quantum information protocols. However, maintaining coherence in elementary particle systems presents significant challenges. In this work, we investigate quantum coherence and quantum correlations in the e + e − → Λ Λ ¯ processes at BESIII using experimentally feasible parameters, where Λ and Λ ¯ denote the spin- 1 / 2 hyperon and its antihyperon, respectively. We analyze the dependence of quantum coherence and quantum correlations on the scattering angle φ . Notably, these resources reach their maximum at φ = π / 2 . We demonstrate that classical correlations can significantly delay the decay of quantum correlations and coherence. This study underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between classical and quantum correlations in high-energy particle physics, particularly in the context of hyperon-antihyperon interactions explored in the BESIII experiment. Furthermore, we discuss the hierarchy of quantum resources (quantum steering, entanglement of formation, geometric quantum discord, and quantum coherence) in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. This result could have potential applications in quantum information processing and high-energy physics.
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We investigate the preservation and dynamics of entanglement and Bell nonlocality in a two-photon system subject to local dephasing, particularly emphasizing environments exhibiting non-Markovian memory effects. By analyzing the interplay between entanglement, as measured by concurrence, and Bell inequality violation, we identify time regions where Bell inequality is not violated, even when concurrence remains high. This indicates that strongly entangled states do not always exhibit nonclassical correlations with certainty. Our study further explores the effects of refractive index variations, spectral width, and interaction symmetry, demonstrating how structured environments and controlled environmental interactions can mitigate decoherence and enhance the resilience of quantum correlations. We propose that these theoretical predictions can be tested using modifications of recent experimental optical setups. These findings provide valuable insights into the conditions under which quantum correlations remain irreproducible by classical local hidden-variable models, with direct implications for quantum communication, quantum information processing, and foundational studies in quantum mechanics. Furthermore, our findings highlight the crucial importance of quantum coherence in maintaining entanglement and nonlocality over extended time evolution. These results show remarkable alignment with the experimental observations, demonstrating high accuracy and consistency within the expected parameter range.
Abstract The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent advancements in photon-entanglement experiments have addressed potential loopholes and have observed significant violations of variants of Bell inequality. However, these violations do not completely disprove LHVT. To further rule out LHVT, experiments involving massive-entangled particles are necessary, in addition to those conducted with massless photons, which interact electromagnetically. In this study, we utilize (10.087±0.044)×10^{9} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We present the first non-local correlation test of spin entanglement using a massive Λ -Λ bipartite system, which is formed and decays through strong and weak interactions, respectively. Through measurements of the angular distribution of p anti-p in J/ψ→ γηc and subsequent ηc→Λ(pπ-)-Λ(-pπ+) cascade decays, a significant violation of LHVT predictions is observed in a loophole-free test of a variant of the Bell inequality, which is given by the Clauser-Horne inequality. The exclusion of LHVT is determined to be significant at a level of 5.2σ.
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Comment on "Controlling the dynamical evolution of quantum coherence and quantum correlations in e+e−→ΛΛˉe^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow Λ\barΛe+e−→ΛΛˉ processes at BESIII''
We critically examine recent claims [Phys. Rev. D 113, 016024 (2026)] regarding quantum coherence, steering, and non-Markovian dynamics in the hyperon-antihyperon system produced in the process e+e−→ΛΛˉe^{+} e^{-} \rightarrow Λ\barΛe+e−→ΛΛˉ. We argue that the theoretical framework employed in the analyzed work suffers from fundamental physical inconsistencies. In particular, the treatment of the ΛΛˉΛ\barΛΛΛˉ pair as a bipartite system evolving under correlated quantum channels is not physically justified, since the produced hyperons are free, unstable particles that do not interact with a common environment after production. Consequently, the application of open quantum system techniques, including Markovian and non-Markovian quantum channels, lacks a clear physical basis. Moreover, we show that the computation and interpretation of quantum steering for this system is operationally and conceptually meaningless, as no well-defined measurement-induced state update or controllable local measurement scenario exists for unstable relativistic particles. These issues call into question the physical relevance of the reported quantum correlations, their hierarchy, and their dynamical behavior. Our analysis highlights the necessity of carefully distinguishing between formal mathematical quantifiers of quantumness and physically realizable quantum information protocols in high-energy particle systems.