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arXiv:2603.21734 · Optica

Highly efficient perturbative Raman shifting by engineering the nonlinear temporal response

Yi-Hao Chen, Wenchao Wang, 侯绍东, José Enrique Antonio-Lopez, Rodrigo Amezcua‐Correa, Chris Xu, Frank W. Wise

Published Oct 8, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

Raman scattering underlies a broad range of spectroscopic and light-generation techniques, yet its conventional description, based on the Raman gain spectrum, accurately describes only long-pulse, steady-state dynamics. We employ a time-domain theoretical approach to account for spectrotemporal aspects of continuous frequency-shifting, which are not addressed by prior theories. In particular, molecules with strong Raman responses do not produce an efficient soliton self-frequency shift in gas-filled hollow-core fibers. The time-domain analysis exposes temporal and spectral distortions from the Raman response that impact frequency-shifting detrimentally, and identifies how these distortions can be suppressed by reducing the Raman interaction to a perturbation on the electronic response. Experiments that employ gas mixtures with tunable Raman fractions of the nonlinear response demonstrate up to a four-fold increase in quantum efficiency (from 20% to 80%) compared to the pure molecular gas, and unity-efficiency Raman shifting will be possible. The time-domain framework uncovers phenomena that are inaccessible through the frequency-domain treatment of Raman scattering, and it applies to Raman interactions in solids, liquids, and gases across Raman temporal regimes.

DOI: 10.1364/optica.601914

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