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arXiv:2603.07121

Coexistence Regime and Thermal Crystallization in the cavity-mediated extended Bose-Hubbard Model

Wei-Wei Wang, Jin Ok Yang, Barbara Capogrosso-Sansone, Jian-Ping Lv, Chao Zhang

Published Mar 7, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

By means of path integral- Monte Carlo, we study the finite-temperature behavior of the extended Bose-Hubbard model with cavity-mediated long-range interactions at unit filling. At zero temperature, the system supports superfluid, Mott-insulating, supersolid, and charge-density-wave phases, with a strongly first-order transition between superfluid and charge density wave states characterized by a broad coexistence region. Focusing on this coexistence regime, we explore how the dominant order evolves with temperature. When the system is initialized in a superfluid state, the superfluid density is progressively suppressed upon heating, and a normal fluid is stabilized. Upon further increasing the temperature, a thermally assisted emergence of crystalline order occurs which eventually melts into the normal fluid. In contrast, simulations initialized in a charge-density-wave configuration display a smooth thermal melting of density order, with no reemergence of superfluid coherence. Overall, our results show that metastability persists at low temperatures, but ultimately disappears at higher temperatures, where thermally induced crystallization takes place.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2603.07121

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By means of path integral- Monte Carlo, we study the finite-temperature behavior of the extended Bose-Hubbard model with cavity-mediated long-range interactions at unit filling. At zero temperature, the system supports superfluid, Mott-insulating, supersolid, and charge-density-wave phases, with a strongly first-order transition between superfluid and charge density wave states characterized by a broad coexistence region. Focusing on this coexistence regime, we explore how the dominant order evolves with temperature. When the system is initialized in a superfluid state, the superfluid density is progressively suppressed upon heating, and a normal fluid is stabilized. Upon further increasing the temperature, a thermally assisted emergence of crystalline order occurs which eventually melts into the normal fluid. In contrast, simulations initialized in a charge-density-wave configuration display a smooth thermal melting of density order, with no reemergence of superfluid coherence. Overall, our results show that metastability persists at low temperatures, but ultimately disappears at higher temperatures, where thermally induced crystallization takes place.
We consider the finite-temperature properties of the extended Bose-Hubbard model realized recently in an ETH experiment [Nature 532, 476 (2016)]. Competing short- and global-range interactions accommodate fascinating collective phenomena. We formulate a self-consistent mean-field theory to describe the behaviors of the system at finite temperatures. At a fixed chemical potential, we map out the distributions of the superfluid order parameters and number densities with respect to the temperatures. For a charge density wave, we find that the global-range interaction enhances the charge order by increasing the transition temperature at which the charge order melts out, while for a supersolid phase, we find that the disappearance of the charge order and the superfluid order occurs at different temperature. At a fixed number-density filling factor, we extract the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic functions such as internal energy, specific heat and entropy. Across the superfluid phase transition, the specific heat has a discontinuous jump.
We study a system with competing short- and global-range interactions in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. Using a mean-field approximation we obtain the phase diagram of the system and observe four different phases: a superfluid, a supersolid, a Mott insulator, and a charge-density wave, where the transitions between the various phases can be either of first or second order. We qualitatively support these results using Monte Carlo simulations. An analysis of the low-energy excitations shows that the second-order phase transition from the charge-density wave to the supersolid is associated with the softening of particle- and holelike excitations which give rise to a gapless mode and an amplitude Higgs mode in the supersolid phase. This amplitude Higgs mode is further transformed into a roton mode which softens at the supersolid to superfluid phase transition.
Motivated by the recent progress in realizing and controlling extended Bose-Hubbard systems using excitonic or atomic devices, the present Letter theoretically investigates the case of a two-band Bose-Hubbard chain with nearest-neighbor interactions. Specifically, this study concentrates on the scenario where, due to the interactions, one band supports a density-wave phase, i.e., a correlated insulating phase with spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry in the lattice, while the other band supports superfluid behavior. Using the density matrix renormalization group method, we show that supersolid order can emerge from such a combination, that is, an elusive quantum state that combines crystalline order with long-range phase coherence. Depending on the filling of the bands and the interband interaction strength, the supersolid phase competes with phase-separation, superfluid order, or Mott insulating density-wave order. As a possible setup to observe supersolidity, we propose the combination of a lower band supporting density-wave order and a thermally excited band that supports superfluidity due to weaker lattice confinement.
We report our findings on the quantum phase transitions in cold bosonic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice using the finite-size density-matrix renormalization-group method in the framework of the extended Bose-Hubbard model. We consider wide ranges of values for the filling factors and the nearest-neighbor interactions. At commensurate fillings, we obtain two different types of charge-density wave phases and a Mott insulator phase. However, departure from commensurate fillings yields the exotic supersolid phase where both the crystalline and the superfluid orders coexist. In addition, we obtain the signatures for the solitary waves and the superfluid phase.
We examine the zero- and finite-temperature phase diagrams of soft-core bosons of the extended Bose-Hubbard model on a square optical lattice. To study various quantum phases and their transitions we employ single-site and cluster Gutzwiller mean-field theory. We have observed that the Mott insulator phase vanishes above a critical value of nearest-neighbor interaction and the supersolid phase occupies a larger region in the phase diagram. We show that the presence of an artificial gauge field enlarges the domain of the supersolid phase. The finite temperature destroys the crystalline structure of the supersolid phase and thereby favors the normal fluid--to--superfluid phase transition. The presence of an envelope harmonic potential demonstrates the coexistence of different phases, and at $z{k}_{B}T\ensuremath{\geqslant}V$, thermal energy comparable to or higher than the long-range interaction energy, the supersolidity of the system is destroyed.
We investigate the thermal melting of the incompressible lobes in the extended Bose-Hubbard model for both pure and disordered systems, motivated by recent experimental realizations using ultracold Rydberg atoms in optical lattices. By tuning the Rydberg excitation level and the lattice spacing, one can engineer the system to effectively have (i) only the nearest-neighbor (NN) interaction or (ii) NN and next-NN interactions. For both these schemes, we employ a mean-field framework to map out the finite-temperature phase diagrams. It is observed that the conventional Mott-insulating and density-wave lobes gradually transform into a normal fluid with increasing temperature. The melting temperature of the Mott lobes is controlled by the on-site interaction, while that of the density-wave lobes is governed by its NN counterpart. We also observe that the inclusion of disorder lowers the melting temperatures of both these insulating phases. The additional Bose-glass phase that appears in the presence of disorder, however, does not vanish at higher temperatures. Instead, it starts occupying a larger area in the phase diagram. The formalism that we present here is capable of treating long-range interactions, disorder, and finite temperature all at once. Moreover, it is versatile enough so that it can be extended to study other forms of disorder, and also be tailored to include longer-range interactions.