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arXiv:2603.01818 · Physical Review A

Orbital-dependent dimensional crossover of a p -wave Feshbach resonance

Anonymous, Liao Sun, Shaokun Liu, Shuai Peng, Jiaming Li, Le Luo

Published Aug 11, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report the observation of a dimensional crossover of a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance in an ultracold, spin-polarized $^6$Li Fermi gas confined by a one-dimensional optical lattice. Using high-resolution atom-loss spectroscopy, we resolve the orbital doublet associated with the $\ml=0$ and $|\ml|=1$ scattering channels over a wide range of lattice depths. In the weak-confinement regime, the atom loss signal associated with the $|\ml|=1$ branch is stronger, consistent with the twofold orbital degeneracy of the three-dimensional system. As the lattice confinement increases, the relative loss weight of the two orbital branches evolves continuously toward the quasi-two-dimensional limit, indicating a progressive suppression of relative motion along the lattice direction. In addition, we observe a systematic confinement dependence of the orbital splitting between the two resonance branches. These results provide an experimental characterization of orbital-dependent $p$-wave scattering in reduced dimensions and motivate future microscopic studies of confined anisotropic scattering.

DOI
10.1103/vt5d-xsrq

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Abstract We report precision, orbital-resolved measurements of three-body recombination near the 159 G p -wave Feshbach resonance in an ultracold gas of 6 Li atoms prepared in their lowest hyperfine state. Using a radio-frequency gated protocol that suppresses magnetic-field transients below the milligauss level, we resolve loss features associated with the | m ℓ | = 1 and m ℓ = 0 orbital projections. The measured three-body loss coefficient L 3 is well captured by a thermally averaged cascade-recombination model, enabling extraction of the resonance splitting δ B and effective-range parameter k e . At the lowest temperature, we obtain δ B = 7.6 ( 3 ) mG and k e = 0.151 ( 6 ) a 0 − 1 , both in quantitative agreement with coupled-channel theory. These results establish orbital-resolved three-body spectroscopy as a precision probe of p -wave scattering and provide a benchmark for microscopic models of resonant few-body loss.
We report on the observation of dipolar splitting in 6Lip^{6}\mathrm{Li}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}p6Lip-wave Feshbach resonances by high-resolution atom-loss spectroscopy. The Feshbach resonances at 159, 185, and 215G215\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}215G exhibit a doublet structure of 10, 6, and 13mG13\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mG}13mG, respectively, associated with different projections of the orbital angular momentum. The observed splittings agree well with coupled-channel calculations. We map out the temperature dependence of the atom-loss spectrum and extrapolate resonance positions as well as the corresponding widths to zero temperature. The observed dipolar splitting in fermionic lithium might be useful for the realization of the quantum phase transition between the polar and axial ppp-wave superfluid phases.
The magnetic dipolar splitting of a p-wave Feshbach resonance is governed by the spin-orbital configuration of the valence electrons in the triplet molecular state. We perform high-resolution trap-loss spectroscopy on ultracold ^{6}Li atoms to resolve this splitting with sub-milligauss precision. By comparing electron-spin-polarized (|m_{S}|=1) and electron-spin-mixture (m_{S}=0) configurations of the triplet state, we observe a clear spin-dependent reversal in the splitting structure, confirmed via momentum-resolved absorption imaging. This behavior directly reflects the interplay between electron spin projection m_{S} and orbital angular momentum m_{ℓ} in the molecular states. Our results provide a stringent benchmark for dipole-dipole interaction models and lay the groundwork for controlling the pairing in p-wave superfluid systems.