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arXiv:2602.20843

HTEE vs. Pseudo-Entropy in Magnetic Fields

M. Ali-Akbari

Published Feb 24, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We compare the holographic timelike entanglement entropy with the pseudo-entropy arising from a two-qubit quantum mechanical system. In this model, we consider transitions from an initial thermal state to a final thermal state at fixed temperature under the influence of an external magnetic field. Our findings highlight significant discrepancies between the two quantities, which display markedly different behavior.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2602.20843

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We compare the holographic timelike entanglement entropy with the pseudo-entropy arising from a two-qubit quantum mechanical system. In this model, we consider transitions from an initial thermal state to a final thermal state at fixed temperature under the influence of an external magnetic field. Our findings highlight significant discrepancies between the two quantities, which display markedly different behavior.
A bstract In this paper, we present holographic descriptions of entanglement phase transition using AdS/BCFT. First, we analytically calculate the holographic pseudo entropy in the AdS/BCFT model with a brane localized scalar field and show the entanglement phase transition behavior where the time evolution of entropy changes from the linear growth to the trivial one via a critical logarithmic evolution. In this model, the imaginary valued scalar field localized on the brane controls the phase transition, which is analogous to the amount of projections in the measurement induced phase transition. Next, we study the AdS/BCFT model with a brane localized gauge field, where the phase transition looks different in that there is no logarithmically evolving critical point. Finally, we discuss a bulk analog of the above model by considering a double Wick rotation of the Janus solution. We compute the holographic pseudo entropy in this model and show that the entropy grows logarithmically.
We introduce a new quantity, called pseudo-entropy, as a generalization of entanglement entropy via postselection. We expect this quantity to provide a new class of order parameters in quantum many-body systems. In the anti--de Sitter space (AdS)/conformal field theory (CFT) correspondence, this quantity is dual to areas of minimal area surfaces in time-dependent Euclidean spaces which are asymptotically AdS. We call this geometric computation of pseudo-entropy via the AdS/CFT\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}AdS/CFT the holographic pseudo-entropy. We study its basic properties and classifications in qubit systems. In specific examples, we provide a quantum information theoretic meaning of this new quantity as an averaged number of Bell pairs when the post-selection is performed. We also present properties of the pseudo-entropy for random states. We then calculate the pseudo-entropy in the presence of local operator excitations for both the two dimensional free massless scalar CFT and two dimensional holographic CFTs. We find a general property in CFTs that the pseudo-entropy is highly reduced when the local operators get closer to the boundary of the subsystem. We also compute the holographic pseudo-entropy for a Janus solution, dual to an exactly marginal perturbation of a two dimensional CFT and find its agreement with a perturbative calculation in the dual CFT. We show the linearity property holds for holographic states, where the holographic pseudo-entropy coincides with a weak value of the area operator. Finally, we propose a mixed state generalization of pseudo-entropy and give its gravity dual.
Pseudo-entropy is an interesting quantity with a simple gravity dual, which generalizes entanglement entropy such that it depends on both an initial and a final state. Here we reveal the basic properties of pseudo-entropy in quantum field theories by numerically calculating this quantity for a set of two-dimensional free-scalar field theories and the Ising spin chain. We extend the Gaussian method for pseudo-entropy in free-scalar theories with two parameters: mass m and dynamical exponent z. This computation finds two novel properties of pseudo-entropy which we conjecture to be universal in field theories, in addition to an area law behavior. One is a saturation behavior and the other one is nonpositivity of the difference between pseudo-entropy and averaged entanglement entropy. Moreover, our numerical results for the Ising chain imply that pseudo-entropy can play a role as a new quantum order parameter which detects whether two states are in the same quantum phase or not.
We study the imaginary part of the holographic timelike entanglement entropy (HTEE) in a charged asymptotically AdS5_55​ black-hole background whose dual field theory exhibits a critical point in the presence of a chemical potential μμμ and temperature TTT. Identifying the imaginary part of the HTEE with the imaginary part of the pseudoentropy, we derive an analytical expression for this quantity and investigate its behavior on the stable and unstable thermodynamic branches. We find that the imaginary HTEE vanishes in the uncharged limit and is induced entirely by a nonzero chemical potential, signaling the emergence of quantum coherence between the initial and final states. As the dimensionless ratio μ/Tμ/Tμ/T approaches its critical value, we obtain an inverse-square-root divergence in the derivative of the imaginary HTEE and extract the critical exponent θI=1/2θ_I = 1/2θI​=1/2 analytically. We further show that the same exponent governs the temperature response at fixed chemical potential. Our results establish the imaginary part of the HTEE as a non-local quantum-information probe of criticality in strongly coupled systems, and they imply that the initial and final states become maximally coherent at the critical point.