We introduce a geometric framework for efficient few-parameter pulse optimization in multi-levelquantum systems, enabling high-fidelity state transfer beyond the adiabatic limit. Our methodinterpolates smoothly between adiabatic and diabatic dynamics to minimize unwanted excitationsand maximize desired transitions even within a multi-level structure. Crucially, for single-parameterpulse control, the optimization reduces to solving a first-order ordinary differential equation. Weshowcase the flexibility of our diabatic-adiabatic protocols through two examples in spin-basedquantum information processing: state initialization and qubit state transfer.We introduce a geometric framework for efficient few-parameter pulse optimization in multi-levelquantum systems, enabling high-fidelity state transfer beyond the adiabatic limit. Our methodinterpolates smoothly between adiabatic and diabatic dynamics to minimize unwanted excitationsand maximize desired transitions even within a multi-level structure. Crucially, for single-parameterpulse control, the optimization reduces to solving a first-order ordinary differential equation. Weshowcase the flexibility of our diabatic-adiabatic protocols through two examples in spin-basedquantum information processing: state initialization and qubit state transfer.

Feb 11, 20261 citation

Quantum geometric protocols for fast high-fidelity adiabatic state transfer

Christian Ventura Meinersen, Stefano Bosco, Maximilian Rimbach-Russ

Efficient adiabatic control schemes, where one steers a quantum system along an adiabatic path ensuring minimal excitations while achieving a desired final state, that enable fast, high-fidelity operations are essential for any practical quantum computation. However, current optimization protocols are not universally tractable due to stringent requirements imposed by the microscopic systems encoding the qubit, including complex energy level structures and unwanted transitions, and generally require a trade-off between speed and fidelity of the operation. Here, we address these challenges by developing a general framework for optimal control based on the quantum metric tensor. This framework allows for fast and high-fidelity adiabatic pulses, even for a dense energy spectrum, based solely on the Hamiltonian of the system instead of the time evolution propagator and independent of the size of the underlying Hilbert space. Furthermore, our framework suppresses diabatic transitions and state-dependent crosstalk effects without the need for additional control fields. As an example, we study the adiabatic charge transfer in a double quantum dot to find optimal control pulses with improved performance. We show that for the geometric protocol, the transfer fidelities are lower bounded $\mathcal{F}>99\%$ for ultrafast $20~\mbox{ns}$ pulses, regardless of the size of the anti-crossing, while being robust against miscalibration errors and quasistatic noise.Efficient adiabatic control schemes, where one steers a quantum system along an adiabatic path ensuring minimal excitations while achieving a desired final state, that enable fast, high-fidelity operations are essential for any practical quantum computation. However, current optimization protocols are not universally tractable due to stringent requirements imposed by the microscopic systems encoding the qubit, including complex energy level structures and unwanted transitions, and generally require a trade-off between speed and fidelity of the operation. Here, we address these challenges by developing a general framework for optimal control based on the quantum metric tensor. This framework allows for fast and high-fidelity adiabatic pulses, even for a dense energy spectrum, based solely on the Hamiltonian of the system instead of the time evolution propagator and independent of the size of the underlying Hilbert space. Furthermore, our framework suppresses diabatic transitions and state-dependent crosstalk effects without the need for additional control fields. As an example, we study the adiabatic charge transfer in a double quantum dot to find optimal control pulses with improved performance. We show that for the geometric protocol, the transfer fidelities are lower bounded $\mathcal{F}>99\%$ for ultrafast $20~\mbox{ns}$ pulses, regardless of the size of the anti-crossing, while being robust against miscalibration errors and quasistatic noise.

arXiv:2409.03084EPJ Quantum TechnologyOct 31, 20256 citations

Optimal control of population transfer in multi-level systems by dynamical quantum geometric tensor

Guan-Qiang Li, Yu-Qi Zhang, Hao Guo +3 more

The optimal control of population transfer for multi-level systems is investigated from the perspective of quantum geometry. Firstly, the general theoretical framework of optimizing the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) scheme based on the dynamical quantum geometric tensor is given, and then the dynamical quantum geometric tensor and the nonadiabatic transition rate are calculated by taking the detuned $Λ$ -type three-level system and tripod-type four-level system for example. Secondly, the transfer dynamics of the particle population of the system are investigated in detail. For a three-level system, the optimal STIRAP scheme has an efficiency of over 98\% in transferring the population to the final state, while the transfer efficiency of traditional STIRAP is about 72\%. The superposition states with arbitrary proportions can be efficiently prepared for a four-level system due to the decoupling of the degenerate dark states. Finally, the influences of system parameters, such as the operation time of the Rabi pulses, the amplitude fluctuation and the single-photon detuning, on the transfer process are discussed. Especially, the phenomenon of the adiabatic resonance transfer is revealed. Choosing the pulse parameters in the resonance window can reduce the infidelity of the population transfer to below $10^{-3}$ . It is found that the optimal STIRAP scheme by the dynamical quantum geometric tensor provides faster and more efficient transfer than the traditional STIRAP scheme.The optimal control of population transfer for multi-level systems is investigated from the perspective of quantum geometry. Firstly, the general theoretical framework of optimizing the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) scheme based on the dynamical quantum geometric tensor is given, and then the dynamical quantum geometric tensor and the nonadiabatic transition rate are calculated by taking the detuned $Λ$-type three-level system and tripod-type four-level system for example. Secondly, the transfer dynamics of the particle population of the system are investigated in detail. For a three-level system, the optimal STIRAP scheme has an efficiency of over 98\% in transferring the population to the final state, while the transfer efficiency of traditional STIRAP is about 72\%. The superposition states with arbitrary proportions can be efficiently prepared for a four-level system due to the decoupling of the degenerate dark states. Finally, the influences of system parameters, such as the operation time of the Rabi pulses, the amplitude fluctuation and the single-photon detuning, on the transfer process are discussed. Especially, the phenomenon of the adiabatic resonance transfer is revealed. Choosing the pulse parameters in the resonance window can reduce the infidelity of the population transfer to below $10^{-3}$. It is found that the optimal STIRAP scheme by the dynamical quantum geometric tensor provides faster and more efficient transfer than the traditional STIRAP scheme.

quant-pharXiv:2512.20131Acta Physica SinicaDec 24, 20250 citations

Shortcuts to adiabaticity in five-level systems using counter-diabatic driving and time-rescaling optimization

Jiahui Zhang, Wenyuan Wang, Fuquan Dou

Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) is a common protocol to realize high-fidelity and robust quantum control in various quantum systems. To date, STA has been widely applied in two- and three-level systems, whereas designing feasible strategies to achieve perfect quantum state engineering in multi-level systems still remains a challenging task. Here, we propose to use counterdiabatic (CD) driving and time-rescaling (TR) methods to construct multi-state stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage protocols for realizing robust and fast population transfer in chainwise-connected five-state systems. The first protocol is implemented by initially reducing the original five-state system to an equivalent two-state counterpart, and then designing the corresponding driving field by combining CD driving and unitary transformation. Further, we introduce the TR method to optimize the first protocol and thus offers an alternative solution. Numerical calculations show that both protocols can achieve complete population transfer and effectively suppress transient populations of all intermediate states. Compared with the first protocol, the optimized second exhibits better performance within a shorter evolution time.Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) is a common protocol to realize high-fidelity and robust quantum control in various quantum systems. To date, STA has been widely applied in two- and three-level systems, whereas designing feasible strategies to achieve perfect quantum state engineering in multi-level systems still remains a challenging task. Here, we propose to use counterdiabatic (CD) driving and time-rescaling (TR) methods to construct multi-state stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage protocols for realizing robust and fast population transfer in chainwise-connected five-state systems. The first protocol is implemented by initially reducing the original five-state system to an equivalent two-state counterpart, and then designing the corresponding driving field by combining CD driving and unitary transformation. Further, we introduce the TR method to optimize the first protocol and thus offers an alternative solution. Numerical calculations show that both protocols can achieve complete population transfer and effectively suppress transient populations of all intermediate states. Compared with the first protocol, the optimized second exhibits better performance within a shorter evolution time.

quant-pharXiv:2607.16829Jul 21, 20260 citations

Efficient optimisation of multi-parameter quantum control protocols for strongly-coupled systems

Sion Meredith, Oliver Dudgeon, Wojciech Bukalski +4 more

Achieving high-fidelity control in the presence of strong non-Markovian noise is critical for the optimization of emergent solid-state quantum devices. We present a highly efficient optimization framework that combines automatic differentiation with the non-Markovian uniTEMPO algorithm, enabling direct gradient-based optimization of complex objective functions. We apply this method to semiconductor quantum dots, optimizing multi-pulse excitation schemes: specifically Swing-UP of a Quantum EmmiteR (SUPER) and Floquet-engineered Two-Photon Excitation (FTPE) for single- and bi-exciton generation. Our approach yields high preparation fidelities within experimentally accessible parameter regimes. By integrating adiabatic rapid passage (ARP), we systematically enhance both SUPER and FTPE, demonstrating that these optimized protocols consistently outperform standard resonant pi-pulses and two-photon excitation. Notably, this performance gap widens at elevated temperatures, establishing the superior thermal robustness of our optimized multi-pulse strategies for real-world quantum hardware.Achieving high-fidelity control in the presence of strong non-Markovian noise is critical for the optimization of emergent solid-state quantum devices. We present a highly efficient optimization framework that combines automatic differentiation with the non-Markovian uniTEMPO algorithm, enabling direct gradient-based optimization of complex objective functions. We apply this method to semiconductor quantum dots, optimizing multi-pulse excitation schemes: specifically Swing-UP of a Quantum EmmiteR (SUPER) and Floquet-engineered Two-Photon Excitation (FTPE) for single- and bi-exciton generation. Our approach yields high preparation fidelities within experimentally accessible parameter regimes. By integrating adiabatic rapid passage (ARP), we systematically enhance both SUPER and FTPE, demonstrating that these optimized protocols consistently outperform standard resonant pi-pulses and two-photon excitation. Notably, this performance gap widens at elevated temperatures, establishing the superior thermal robustness of our optimized multi-pulse strategies for real-world quantum hardware.

quant-pharXiv:2604.19621Apr 22, 20260 citations

Unifying adiabatic state-transfer protocols with $(α, β)$ -hypergeometriesUnifying adiabatic state-transfer protocols with $(α, β)$-hypergeometries

Christian Ventura Meinersen, David Fernández-Fernández, Gloria Platero +1 more

Adiabatic optimal control schemes are essential for advancing the practical implementation of quantum technologies. However, the vast array of possible adiabatic protocols, combined with their dependence on the particular quantum system and function-specific parameter ranges, complicates the task of discerning their respective strengths and limitations in arbitrary operations. In this work, we provide a unifying framework, called $(α,β)$ -hypergeometries, that allows for flexible, noise-resistant, and easy-to-use implementation of enforced adiabatic dynamics for any multi-level quantum system. Moreover, this framework provides a comprehensive mapping of all adiabatic protocols through a universal cost function and offers an exact analytical characterization of the adiabatic dynamics. In particular, we derive precise expressions for infidelity resonances and establish performance guarantees in the adiabatic limit for any choice of $(α,β)$ . We also discuss in detail the experimental feasibility of the resulting pulse shapes through analytical and numerical methods. Finally, we test our method for the optimal control of coherent information transfer through spin shuttling in silicon quantum dots with small valley splittings.Adiabatic optimal control schemes are essential for advancing the practical implementation of quantum technologies. However, the vast array of possible adiabatic protocols, combined with their dependence on the particular quantum system and function-specific parameter ranges, complicates the task of discerning their respective strengths and limitations in arbitrary operations. In this work, we provide a unifying framework, called $(α,β)$-hypergeometries, that allows for flexible, noise-resistant, and easy-to-use implementation of enforced adiabatic dynamics for any multi-level quantum system. Moreover, this framework provides a comprehensive mapping of all adiabatic protocols through a universal cost function and offers an exact analytical characterization of the adiabatic dynamics. In particular, we derive precise expressions for infidelity resonances and establish performance guarantees in the adiabatic limit for any choice of $(α,β)$. We also discuss in detail the experimental feasibility of the resulting pulse shapes through analytical and numerical methods. Finally, we test our method for the optimal control of coherent information transfer through spin shuttling in silicon quantum dots with small valley splittings.

arXiv:2504.08031Apr 10, 20250 citations

\mathcal{F}>99\%

for ultrafast $20~\mbox{ns}$ pulses, regardless of the size of the anti-crossing, while being robust against miscalibration errors and quasistatic noise.

Λ

-type three-level system and tripod-type four-level system for example. Secondly, the transfer dynamics of the particle population of the system are investigated in detail. For a three-level system, the optimal STIRAP scheme has an efficiency of over 98\% in transferring the population to the final state, while the transfer efficiency of traditional STIRAP is about 72\%. The superposition states with arbitrary proportions can be efficiently prepared for a four-level system due to the decoupling of the degenerate dark states. Finally, the influences of system parameters, such as the operation time of the Rabi pulses, the amplitude fluctuation and the single-photon detuning, on the transfer process are discussed. Especially, the phenomenon of the adiabatic resonance transfer is revealed. Choosing the pulse parameters in the resonance window can reduce the infidelity of the population transfer to below

10^{-3}

. It is found that the optimal STIRAP scheme by the dynamical quantum geometric tensor provides faster and more efficient transfer than the traditional STIRAP scheme.

Unifying adiabatic state-transfer protocols with

(α, β)

-hypergeometries

(α,β)

-hypergeometries, that allows for flexible, noise-resistant, and easy-to-use implementation of enforced adiabatic dynamics for any multi-level quantum system. Moreover, this framework provides a comprehensive mapping of all adiabatic protocols through a universal cost function and offers an exact analytical characterization of the adiabatic dynamics. In particular, we derive precise expressions for infidelity resonances and establish performance guarantees in the adiabatic limit for any choice of

(α,β)

. We also discuss in detail the experimental feasibility of the resulting pulse shapes through analytical and numerical methods. Finally, we test our method for the optimal control of coherent information transfer through spin shuttling in silicon quantum dots with small valley splittings.