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arXiv:2602.13019 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Higher-order structure of Hamiltonian truncation effective theory

Andrea Maestri, Simone Rodini, B. Pasquini

Published Apr 23, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the Hamiltonian truncation for the two-dimensional λ ϕ 4 theory within the framework of Hamiltonian truncation effective theory, where truncation artifacts are mitigated through a systematic inclusion of corrective terms organized in inverse powers of the ultraviolet energy cutoff E max . Building on the leading-order matching program, we develop two complementary extensions. First, we derive compact all-order expressions for the local matching corrections to the mass and quartic coupling by resumming infinite classes of diagrams sharing fixed topologies within the local approximation. Second, we extend the nonlocal sector by computing the next-to-next-to-local corrections contributing at O ( E max − 4 ) , following a continuum-first matching procedure, in which the effective corrections are computed in infinite volume and the spatial direction is subsequently recompactified to obtain a discrete basis of free-Hamiltonian eigenstates on which the truncated operator construction is implemented. Our results show that an increasingly rich operator basis is necessary to describe the theory beyond leading order.

DOI
10.1103/1wdr-ypw7

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We study the Hamiltonian truncation for the two-dimensional λ ϕ 4 theory within the framework of Hamiltonian truncation effective theory, where truncation artifacts are mitigated through a systematic inclusion of corrective terms organized in inverse powers of the ultraviolet energy cutoff E max . Building on the leading-order matching program, we develop two complementary extensions. First, we derive compact all-order expressions for the local matching corrections to the mass and quartic coupling by resumming infinite classes of diagrams sharing fixed topologies within the local approximation. Second, we extend the nonlocal sector by computing the next-to-next-to-local corrections contributing at O ( E max − 4 ) , following a continuum-first matching procedure, in which the effective corrections are computed in infinite volume and the spatial direction is subsequently recompactified to obtain a discrete basis of free-Hamiltonian eigenstates on which the truncated operator construction is implemented. Our results show that an increasingly rich operator basis is necessary to describe the theory beyond leading order.
Hamiltonian truncation is a non-perturbative numerical method for calculating observables of a quantum field theory. The starting point for this method is to truncate the interacting Hamiltonian to a finite-dimensional space of states spanned by the eigenvectors of the free Hamiltonian H_0 H 0 with eigenvalues below some energy cutoff E_\text{max} E max . In this work, we show how to treat Hamiltonian truncation systematically using effective field theory methodology. We define the finite-dimensional effective Hamiltonian by integrating out the states above E_\text{max} E max . The effective Hamiltonian can be computed by matching a transition amplitude to the full theory, and gives corrections order by order as an expansion in powers of 1/E_\text{max} 1 / E max . The effective Hamiltonian is non-local, with the non-locality controlled in an expansion in powers of H_0/E_\text{max} H 0 / E max . The effective Hamiltonian is also non-Hermitian, and we discuss whether this is a necessary feature or an artifact of our definition. We apply our formalism to 2D \lambda\phi^4 λ ϕ 4 theory, and compute the the leading 1/E_\text{max}^2 1 / E max 2 corrections to the effective Hamiltonian. We show that these corrections nontrivially satisfy the crucial property of separation of scales. Numerical diagonalization of the effective Hamiltonian gives residual errors of order 1/E_\text{max}^3 1 / E max 3 , as expected by our power counting. We also present the power counting for 3D \lambda \phi^4 λ ϕ 4 theory and perform calculations that demonstrate the separation of scales in this theory.
Hamiltonian Truncation (a.k.a. Truncated Spectrum Approach) is an efficient numerical technique to solve strongly coupled QFTs in d = 2 spacetime dimensions. Further theoretical developments are needed to increase its accuracy and the range of applicability. With this goal in mind, here we present a new variant of Hamiltonian Truncation which exhibits smaller dependence on the UV cutoff than other existing implementations, and yields more accurate spectra. The key idea for achieving this consists in integrating out exactly a certain class of high energy states, which corresponds to performing renormalization at the cubic order in the interaction strength. We test the new method on the strongly coupled two-dimensional quartic scalar theory. Our work will also be useful for the future goal of extending Hamiltonian Truncation to higher dimensions d ≥ 3.
Hamiltonian truncation (also known as ``truncated spectrum approach'') is a numerical technique for solving strongly coupled quantum field theories, in which the full Hilbert space is truncated to a finite-dimensional low-energy subspace. The accuracy of the method is limited only by the available computational resources. The renormalization program improves the accuracy by carefully integrating out the high-energy states, instead of truncating them away. In this paper, we develop the most accurate ever variant of Hamiltonian Truncation, which implements renormalization at the cubic order in the interaction strength. The novel idea is to interpret the renormalization procedure as a result of integrating out exactly a certain class of high-energy ``tail states.'' We demonstrate the power of the method with high-accuracy computations in the strongly coupled two-dimensional quartic scalar theory and benchmark it against other existing approaches. Our work will also be useful for the future goal of extending Hamiltonian truncation to higher spacetime dimensions.
Hamiltonian Truncation Methods are a useful numerical tool to study strongly coupled QFTs. In this work we present a new method to compute the exact corrections, at any order, in the Hamiltonian Truncation approach presented by Rychkov et al. in refs. [1-3]. The method is general but as an example we calculate the exact g 2 and some of the g 3 contributions for the ϕ 4 theory in two dimensions. The coefficients of the local expansion calculated in ref. [1] are shown to be given by phase space integrals. In addition we find new approximations to speed up the numerical calculations and implement them to compute the lowest energy levels at strong coupling. A simple diagrammatic representation of the corrections and various tests are also introduced.
We study the spectrum of two-dimensional Yukawa theory using Hamiltonian truncation, with a focus on bound states. We extend the framework of Hamiltonian truncation effective theory to include fermions and logarithmic UV divergences. With these corrections, the energy levels converge as a function of the cutoff with the scaling predicted by power counting. We identify a strategy to follow the evolution of fermion-antifermion bound states from weak to strong coupling, and investigate its binding energy, finding good agreement with finite-volume perturbation theory at weak coupling. Finally, we explore the heavy-scalar regime toward the massive Thirring/Sine-Gordon limit, recovering the expected weak-coupling behavior and outlining how the calculation can be extended toward this limit.
We propose herein an extension of truncated spectrum methodologies, a nonperturbative numerical approach able to elucidate the low energy properties of quantum field theories. TSMs, in their various flavors, involve a division of a computational Hilbert space, H , into two parts, one part, H1 that is “kept” for the numerical computations, and one part, H2 , that is discarded or “truncated.” Even though H2 is discarded, truncated spectrum methodologies will often try to incorporate the effects of H2 in some effective way. In these terms, we propose to keep the dimension of H1 small. We pair this choice of H1 with a Krylov subspace iterative approach able to take into account the effects of H2 . This iterative approach can be taken to arbitrarily high order and so offers the ability to compute quantities to arbitrary precision. In many cases it also offers the advantage of not needing an explicit UV cutoff. To compute the matrix elements that arise in the Krylov iterations, we employ a Feynman diagrammatic representation that is then evaluated with Monte Carlo techniques. Each order of the Krylov iteration is variational and is guaranteed to improve upon the previous iteration. The first Krylov iteration is akin to the next-to-leading order approach of Elias-Miró [NLO renormalization in the Hamiltonian truncation, ]. To demonstrate this approach, we focus on the ( 1+1d )-dimensional ϕ4 model and compute the bulk energy and mass gaps in both the Z2 -broken and unbroken sectors. We estimate the critical ϕ4 coupling in the broken phase to be gc=0.2645±0.002 . Published by the American Physical Society 2024