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arXiv:2512.24454

Quantum phase synchronisation enhanced via Coulomb interaction in an optomechanical system

E. K. Berinyuy, P. Djorwé, J. -X. Peng, A. Sohail, J. Ghosh, A. -H. Abdel-Aty, S. G. N. Engo, S. K. Singh

quant-phSubmitted Dec 30, 2025• Announced Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of quantum synchronization in a four-mode optomechanical system, focusing on the influence of the Coulomb interaction between two mechanical resonators. We analyze the effect of the Coulomb coupling on three distinct synchronization regimes, i.e., complete quantum synchronization, $φ$-synchronization, and quantum phase synchronization. Our results show that while the Coulomb interaction plays a pivotal role in significantly enhancing quantum phase synchronization by facilitating energy exchange and phase coherence, it has little impact on complete and $φ$-synchronization. This indicates that amplitude and frequency locking are primarily determined by the optical driving, whereas phase alignment depends critically on inter-resonator coupling. We also demonstrate that the oscillations of the two optical cavities, which are indirectly coupled via the mechanical resonators, can become aligned over time, resulting in classical synchronization. These findings provide a robust mechanism for controlling collective quantum dynamics and offer a foundation for applications in quantum communication, precision sensing, and the development of synchronized quantum networks.

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Abstract In this paper, we study quantum synchronization in a hybrid optomechanical system that includes photon hopping and atomic ensembles. The covariance matrix method is used to examine synchronization between cavity–cavity, cavity–atom, and cavity–mechanical subsystems. Our results demonstrate that strong photon hopping improves synchronization by enabling efficient transfer of energy and phase between the coupled modes. Furthermore, we reveal that synchronization exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on both the atomic coupling strength and system detuning, initially increasing up to a critical threshold before gradually declining. In contrast, decoherence effects especially atomic decay rate reduce synchronization by destroying phase coherence. While cavity-mechanical synchronization is heavily suppressed by an increasing thermal phonon number, cavity-cavity and cavity-atomic synchronization remain uniquely robust against thermal noise. Ultimately governed by the competition between coherent coupling and environmental dissipation, these results provide valuable insights into controlling quantum synchronization for future applications in quantum information processing, precision metrology, and scalable hybrid quantum networks.
Quantum synchronization and its connection with other quantum correlations have attracted considerable attention. Here we present a theoretical scheme to simultaneously represent and significantly enhance the level of quantum synchronization and entanglement between two indirectly coupled mechanical membranes, which are coupled to a common optical field within a cavity. By applying a two-tone driving laser with weighted amplitudes and specific frequencies, both synchronization gauged by Mari's criterion and entanglement estimated by logarithmic negativity can be greatly enhanced. We then clarify the relationship between quantum synchronization and entanglement in detail. Numerical simulation results show that the influence of the coupling asymmetry G2/G1{G}_{2}/{G}_{1}G2​/G1​ on quantum complete synchronization behaves similarly to that on the purity while the influence of the coupling asymmetry G2/G1{G}_{2}/{G}_{1}G2​/G1​ on quantum phase synchronization is more similar to that on quantum entanglement. Besides, we demonstrate that although quantum synchronization and quantum entanglement are not directly related, both of them are sensitive to the squeezing parameter and the cooling effect. Furthermore, it is also shown that detuning the frequencies of two mechanical oscillators can actually help quantum synchronization and entanglement, which is somewhat similar to the case of quantum synchronization blockade.
Abstract In this work, we investigate the quantum synchronization and ϕ synchronization of two mechanical oscillators of different frequencies in two optomechanical systems with asymmetric coupling interaction. The whole system can be modulated by cavity detuning or driving amplitudes. Under certain parameters, quantum ϕ synchronization can be enhanced by asymmetric coupling in optomechanical systems, and the phase difference ϕ has an inversion. Moreover, we show that with the introduction of Kerr nonlinear medium, nonlinearity is dominated in achieving synchronization within asymmetric coupled cavities and ϕ can be corrected. Apart from achieving quantum synchronization, quantum anti-synchronization can be observed depending on the asymmetric coupling and the asymmetric external driving field. Our findings could offer insights into other quantum effects and pave the way for studying quantum correlations in asymmetric coupled optomechanical systems.
Spontaneous synchronization is a significant collective behavior of weakly coupled systems. Due to their inherent nonlinear nature, optomechanical systems can exhibit self-sustained oscillations which can be exploited for synchronizing different mechanical resonators. In this paper, we explore the synchronization dynamics of two membranes coupled to a common optical field within a cavity, and pumped with a strong blue-detuned laser drive. We focus on the system quantum dynamics in the parameter regime corresponding to synchronization of the classical motion of the two membranes. With an appropriate definition of the phase difference operator for the resonators, we study synchronization in the quantum case through the covariance matrix formalism. We find that for sufficiently large driving, quantum synchronization is robust with respect to quantum fluctuations and to thermal noise up to not too large temperatures. Under synchronization, the two membranes are never entangled, while quantum discord behaves similarly to quantum synchronization, that is, it is larger when the variance of the phase difference is smaller.
We propose a scheme to enhance quantum entanglement and synchronization in a coupled optomechanical system through a coherent feedback loop. The results reveal that choosing proper coherent feedback parameters can significantly improve both entanglement and synchronization between mechanical modes. Furthermore, strong Coulomb coupling between mechanical modes plays a crucial role in further enhancing both quantum entanglement and synchronization. However, increasing the phase shift leads to a degradation of both entanglement and synchronization. Moreover, we also observed that the increasing temperature rapidly diminishes entanglement and synchronization due to decoherence effects. We believe that the proposed scheme offers a highly promising pathway for enhancing entanglement and synchronization, with significant potential for applications in quantum information processing.