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arXiv:2511.19867

Response Analysis of Four-Level Heterodyne Rydberg Atom Receiver

Tang, Yu, Wang, Siyuan, Ren, Shuang, Yang, Chuang, Zhou, Hanbin, Lu, Chenxi

Published Nov 25, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The four-level heterodyne Rydberg atom receiver has garnered significant attention in microwave detection and communication due to its high sensitivity and phase measurement capabilities. Existing theoretical studies, primarily based on static solutions, are limited in characterizing the system's frequency response. To address this, this paper comprehensively investigates the dynamic solutions of the density matrix elements for the four-level heterodyne structure, establishing a quantitative relationship between system response, signal frequency, and system parameters. This enables theoretical bandwidth calculations and performance analysis. This paper also constructs a noise model for the density matrix elements, revealing the relationship between the ultimate sensitivity of the Rydberg atom receiver and the noise in the density matrix elements. Both theoretical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the bandwidth of the four-level heterodyne receiver can exceed 10 MHz. This study provides critical theoretical support for the engineering applications and performance optimization of heterodyne Rydberg atom receivers.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2511.19867

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In recent years, quantum reception technology has achieved significant progress in microwave detection. However, most existing studies focus on energy-level resonance conditions, while research on the influence of frequency detuning is relatively scarce. Based on the four-level heterodyne Rydberg-atom receiver system, this paper establishes a theoretical model using the two-dimensional Fourier transform to analyze the correlation between frequency detuning and system response. Through theoretical simulation, the system response under different detuning conditions is quantitatively obtained, and the model is verified by experiment. This study expands the understanding of frequency detuning in Rydberg-atom receivers and provides guidance for designing their parameters in complex environments.
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