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arXiv:2511.17032 · Physical Review A

Pair scattering from time-modulated impurity in the Bose-Hubbard model

Neda Ahmadi, Ameneh Sheikhan, Corinna Kollath

cond-mat.quant-gasquant-phSubmitted Nov 21, 2025• Announced Nov 24, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

We investigate scattering phenomena in a one-dimensional attractive Bose-Hubbard model with a time-periodically modulated impurity. We analyze both single-particle and pair (doublon) transmission, exploring a range of interaction strengths and drive amplitudes. Our exact numerical results reveal excellent quantitative agreement with analytical predictions in the high-frequency limit. At intermediate and weak attractive interactions, we observe significant pair dissociation and the emergence of dynamically localized single-particle modes. These features are reminiscent of Floquet Bound States in the Continuum (BICs). These findings provide new avenues for engineering controllable quantum transport and localized states in ultracold atom experiments.

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We investigate scattering phenomena in a one-dimensional attractive Bose-Hubbard model with a time-periodically modulated impurity. We analyze both single-particle and pair (doublon) transmission, exploring a range of interaction strengths and drive amplitudes. Our exact numerical results reveal excellent quantitative agreement with analytical predictions in the high-frequency limit. At intermediate and weak attractive interactions, we observe significant pair dissociation and the emergence of dynamically localized single-particle modes. These features are reminiscent of Floquet Bound States in the Continuum (BICs). These findings provide new avenues for engineering controllable quantum transport and localized states in ultracold atom experiments.
Floquet engineering offers powerful tools to manipulate quantum states by periodically driving physical parameters. In this work, we investigate the quantum transport through two periodically driven impurities in a mesoscopic one-dimensional channel. By mapping the time-dependent Hamiltonian into an effective multichannel scattering problem, we unveil a rich landscape of transport phenomena arising from the interplay between Fabry-Perot cavity modes and Fano interference. We demonstrate that the inter-impurity distance acts as a critical control parameter, allowing for the formation of Bound States in the Continuum (BICs). Furthermore, we identify Quasi-BICs, extremely narrow resonances with finite lifetimes, that can be dynamically tuned by the drive amplitude. We show that these states enable a robust coherent trapping mechanism, allowing the system to switch from perfect transparency or reflection to strong localization with giant Wigner time delays. Our results suggest possible applications for tunable delay lines and quantum memories, with feasible experimental realizations in the context of cold atoms.
We investigate the Fermi-Hubbard model with a Floquet-driven impurity in the form of a local time-oscillating potential. For strong attractive interactions a stable formation of pairs is observed. These pairs show a completely different transmission behavior than the transmission that is observed for the single unpaired particles. Whereas in the high-frequency limit the single particles show a maximum of the transition at low driving amplitudes, the pairs display a pronounced maximum transmission when the amplitude of the driving is close to the interaction amplitude UUU. We use the distinct transmission behavior to design filters for pairs or single particles, respectively. For example, one can totally block the transmission of single particles through the driven impurity and allow only for the transmission of pairs. We quantify the quality of the designed filters.
We investigate how the driving field affects the bound states in the one-dimensional two-particle Bose–Hubbard model with an impurity. In the high-frequency regime, compared with the static lattice [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 116405], a new type of Floquet bound state can be obtained even for a weak particle–particle interaction by tuning the driving amplitude. Moreover, the localization degree of the Floquet bound molecular state can be adjusted by tuning the driving frequency, and even the Floquet bound molecular state can be changed into the Floquet extended state when the driving frequency is below a critical value. Our results provide an efficient way to manipulate bound states in the many-body systems.
A bound state in the continuum (BIC) is a spatially localized energy eigenstate embedded in a continuous spectrum of extended eigenstates. While diverse types of single-particle BICs have been reported in the literature, understanding how such localization persists in interacting many-body systems remains a fundamental problem. Here, we present numerical evidence and a perturbative analysis supporting the existence of many-body BICs in a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard chain with an attractive impurity potential, a system previously known to host a BIC in the two-particle sector. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Bethe-type construction of the known two-particle BIC breaks down already for three particles even for arbitrary finite superpositions of Bethe waves. The resulting BICs violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for several local one- and two-body observables, leading to nonthermal dynamics from experimentally accessible initial states.
We investigate the transport properties of a Fermi-Hubbard chain with an impurity which is formed by a site with a periodically modulated chemical potential. We determine the momentum-resolved transmission through this impurity in dependence of the modulation frequency and strength for a single particle and a pair of fermions. We find that the pair transmission has a very distinct behavior from the single-particle transmission. Different situations can occur, where only the single particle or the pair with a certain momentum is transmitted or filtered out.
We study the tunneling dynamics in a time-periodically modulated two-mode Bose-Hubbard model using Floquet theory. We consider situations where the system is in the self-trapping regime and either the tunneling amplitude, the interaction strength, or the energy difference between the modes is modulated. In the former two cases, the tunneling is enhanced in a wide range of modulation frequencies, while in the latter case the resonance is narrow. We explain this difference with the help of Floquet analysis. If the modulation amplitude is weak, the locations of the resonances can be found using the spectrum of the nonmodulated Hamiltonian. Furthermore, we use Floquet analysis to explain the coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT) occurring in a large-amplitude modulated system. Finally, we present two ways to create a NOON state (a superposition of NNN particles in mode 1 with zero particles in mode 2 and vice versa). One is based on a coherent oscillation caused by detuning from a partial CDT. The other makes use of an adiabatic variation of the modulation frequency. This results in a Landau-Zener type of transition between the ground state and a NOON-like state.