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arXiv:2511.15739

Genetically Engineered Quantum Circuits for Financial Market Indicators

Floyd M. Creevey, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

quant-phSubmitted Nov 18, 2025• Announced Nov 19, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Quantum computing holds immense potential for transforming financial analysis and decision-making. Realising this potential necessitates the efficient encoding and processing of financial data on quantum computers. In this study, we propose using the GASP (Genetic Algorithm for State Preparation) framework to optimise the encoding of stock price data into quantum states and show it can enhance both the fidelity and efficiency of the encoding process. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by encoding stock price data onto both a simulated and real quantum computer to calculate the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) entropy. Our results show improvements in fidelity and the potential for more precise financial analysis. This research provides insights into the applicability of GASP for the efficient encoding of real-world data, specifically stock price data, which is crucial for quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era quantum computers.

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Quantum computing holds immense potential for transforming financial analysis and decision-making. Realising this potential necessitates the efficient encoding and processing of financial data on quantum computers. In this study, we propose using the GASP (Genetic Algorithm for State Preparation) framework to optimise the encoding of stock price data into quantum states and show it can enhance both the fidelity and efficiency of the encoding process. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by encoding stock price data onto both a simulated and real quantum computer to calculate the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) entropy. Our results show improvements in fidelity and the potential for more precise financial analysis. This research provides insights into the applicability of GASP for the efficient encoding of real-world data, specifically stock price data, which is crucial for quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era quantum computers.
Abstract This paper presents the implementation of a quantum sequence alignment (QSA) algorithm on biological data in environments simulating noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. The approach to quantum bioinformatics adapts the original QSA algorithm proposed in 2000 to current capabilities and limitations of NISQ-era quantum computers and uses a genetic algorithm for state preparation (GASP) to create encoding circuits to load both database and target sequences into the quantum data registers. The implementation is tested in a simulated quantum computer environment to validate the approach and refine the GASP data-loading circuit designs. The results demonstrate the practicalities of deploying the QSA algorithm and exemplify the potential of GASP for data encoding in the realm of quantum circuit design, particularly for complex algorithms in quantum bioinformatics and other data-rich problems.
Efficient methods for loading given classical data into quantum circuits are essential for various quantum algorithms. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called Approximate Amplitude Encoding that can effectively load all the components of a given real-valued data vector into the amplitude of quantum state, while the previous proposal can load only the absolute values of those components. The key of our algorithm is to variationally train a shallow parameterized quantum circuit, using the results of two types of measurement: the standard computational-basis measurement plus the measurement in the Hadamard-transformed basis, introduced in order to handle the sign of the data components. The variational algorithm changes the circuit parameters so as to minimize the sum of two costs corresponding to those two measurement basis, both of which are given by the efficiently computable maximum mean discrepancy. We also consider the problem of constructing the singular value decomposition entropy via the stock market data set to give a financial market indicator; a quantum algorithm (the variational singular value decomposition algorithm) is known to produce a solution faster than classical, which yet requires the sign-dependent amplitude encoding. We demonstrate, with an in-depth numerical analysis, that our algorithm realizes loading of time series of real stock prices on quantum state with small approximation error, and thereby it enables constructing an indicator of the financial market based on the stock prices.
The efficient preparation of quantum states is an important step in the execution of many quantum algorithms. In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing era, this is a significant challenge given quantum resources are scarce and typically only low-depth quantum circuits can be implemented on physical devices. We present a genetic algorithm for state preparation (GASP) which generates relatively low-depth quantum circuits for initialising a quantum computer in a specified quantum state. The method uses a basis set of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and CNOT gates and a genetic algorithm to systematically generate circuits to synthesize the target state to the required fidelity. GASP can produce more efficient circuits of a given accuracy with lower depth and gate counts than other methods. This variability of the required accuracy facilitates overall higher accuracy on implementation, as error accumulation in high-depth circuits can be avoided. We directly compare the method to the state initialisation technique based on an exact synthesis technique by implemented in IBM Qiskit simulated with noise and implemented on physical IBM Quantum devices. Results achieved by GASP outperform Qiskit's exact general circuit synthesis method on a variety of states such as Gaussian states and W-states, and consistently show the method reduces the number of gates required for the quantum circuits to generate these quantum states to the required accuracy.
The efficient preparation of quantum states is an important step in the execution of many quantum algorithms. In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing era, this is a significant challenge given quantum resources are scarce and typically only low-depth quantum circuits can be implemented on physical devices. We present a genetic algorithm for state preparation (GASP) which generates relatively low-depth quantum circuits for initialising a quantum computer in a specified quantum state. The method uses a basis set of R_x, R_y, R_z, and CNOT gates and a genetic algorithm to systematically generate circuits to synthesize the target state to the required fidelity. GASP can produce more efficient circuits of a given accuracy with lower depth and gate counts than other methods. This variability of the required accuracy facilitates overall higher accuracy on implementation, as error accumulation in high-depth circuits can be avoided. We directly compare the method to the state initialisation technique based on an exact synthesis technique by implemented in IBM Qiskit simulated with noise and implemented on physical IBM Quantum devices. Results achieved by GASP outperform Qiskit's exact general circuit synthesis method on a variety of states such as Gaussian states and W-states, and consistently show the method reduces the number of gates required for the quantum circuits to generate these quantum states to the required accuracy.
This paper investigates the application of Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (QGANs) for stock price prediction. Financial markets are inherently complex, marked by high volatility and intricate patterns that traditional models often fail to capture. QGANs, leveraging the power of quantum computing, offer a novel approach by combining the strengths of generative models with quantum machine learning techniques. We implement a QGAN model tailored for stock price prediction and evaluate its performance using historical market data. Results demonstrate that QGANs can generate synthetic data closely resembling actual market behavior, leading to enhanced prediction accuracy. The experiment was conducted using stock index price data and the AWS Braket SV1 simulator for training QGAN circuits. The quantum-enhanced model outperforms classical LSTM and GAN models in both convergence speed and prediction accuracy. This research marks a key step toward integrating quantum computing in financial forecasting, offering potential advantages in speed and precision over traditional methods. These findings hold promising implications for traders, financial analysts, and researchers.
The data encoding circuits used in quantum support vector machine (QSVM) kernels play a crucial role in their classification accuracy. However, manually designing these circuits poses significant challenges in terms of time and performance. To address this, we leverage the GASP (Genetic Algorithm for State Preparation) framework for gate sequence selection in QSVM kernel circuits. We explore supervised and unsupervised kernel loss functions' impact on encoding circuit optimisation and evaluate them on diverse datasets for binary and multiple-class scenarios. Benchmarking against classical and quantum kernels reveals GA-generated circuits matching or surpassing standard techniques. We analyse the relationship between test accuracy and quantum kernel entropy, with results indicating a positive correlation. Our automated framework reduces trial and error, and enables improved QSVM based machine learning performance for finance, healthcare, and materials science applications.