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arXiv:2511.12118 · Chinese Physics B

Enhanced Nonreciprocal Quantum Battery Performance via Nonlinear Two-Photon Driving

Luxin Xu, Changliang Ren

quant-phSubmitted Nov 15, 2025• Announced Nov 18, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Quantum batteries have attracted significant attention as efficient quantum energy storage devices.In this work, we propose a nonlinear two-photon driving quantum battery model featuring nonreciprocal dynamics that enables a highly efficient unidirectional charging mechanism through environmental engineering. Using a Markovian master-equation approach, we derive analytical solutions for the system dynamics and identify the parameter regime required for dynamical equilibration. Our results reveal that increasing the driving strength enhances both energy conversion and storage efficiency, albeit at the cost of longer equilibration times. Compared with single-photon driving, the two-photon process exhibits a pronounced advantage in energy capacity and entropy regulation, which becomes more prominent under stronger driving. Under asymmetric dissipation, optimizing the system-bath coupling can further improve performance. The proposed model is experimentally feasible and can be implemented across multiple quantum platforms, including photonic systems, superconducting circuits, and magnonic devices.

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Quantum batteries have attracted significant attention as efficient quantum energy storage devices.In this work, we propose a nonlinear two-photon driving quantum battery model featuring nonreciprocal dynamics that enables a highly efficient unidirectional charging mechanism through environmental engineering. Using a Markovian master-equation approach, we derive analytical solutions for the system dynamics and identify the parameter regime required for dynamical equilibration. Our results reveal that increasing the driving strength enhances both energy conversion and storage efficiency, albeit at the cost of longer equilibration times. Compared with single-photon driving, the two-photon process exhibits a pronounced advantage in energy capacity and entropy regulation, which becomes more prominent under stronger driving. Under asymmetric dissipation, optimizing the system-bath coupling can further improve performance. The proposed model is experimentally feasible and can be implemented across multiple quantum platforms, including photonic systems, superconducting circuits, and magnonic devices.
Nonreciprocity, arising from the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, has become a fundamental tool in diverse quantum technology applications. It enables directional flow of signals and efficient noise suppression, constituting a key element in the architecture of current quantum information and computing systems. Here we explore its potential in optimizing the charging dynamics of a quantum battery. By introducing nonreciprocity through reservoir engineering during the charging process, we induce a directed energy flow from the quantum charger to the battery, resulting in a substantial increase in energy accumulation. Despite local dissipation, the nonreciprocal approach demonstrates a fourfold increase in battery energy compared to conventional charger-battery systems. This effect is observed in the stationary limit and remains applicable even in overdamped coupling regimes, eliminating the need for precise temporal control over evolution parameters. Our result can be extended to a chiral network of quantum nodes, serving as a multicell quantum battery system to enhance storage capacity. The proposed approach is straightforward to implement using current state-of-the-art quantum circuits, both in photonics and superconducting quantum systems. In a broader context, the concept of nonreciprocal charging has significant implications for sensing, energy capture, and storage technologies or studying quantum thermodynamics.
This thesis compares the charging capacity of a reciprocal and a nonreciprocal quantum battery in the steady state. The model consists of two qubits functioning as a charger and a battery, where the charger is subjected to a linear driving field and the two qubits are linked via a coherent coupling. Both subsystems are coupled to separate dissipative environments, with an additional joint environment introduced in the nonreciprocal case. It is shown that the qubit quantum battery is limited to a maximum charging level of 50\% in both the reciprocal and nonreciprocal configurations. Surprisingly, the nonreciprocal battery exhibits zero population under the analytically obtained conditions where energy backflow from the battery to the charger is entirely suppressed. Instead, a nonreciprocal advantage emerges exclusively in the weak coupling regime. In this domain, the optimal system configuration requires nearly symmetrical dissipation, favoring a slightly stronger coupling of the charger to the shared environment. Finally, the battery's performance relative to the charger is maximized under a weak drive when the coherent coupling is deactivated and the charger dissipates substantially more energy into the shared environment than the battery.
The parametric amplification enabled by two-photon driving constitutes a versatile platform for advanced quantum technologies. We present an optimized scheme for implementing quantum batteries (QBs) based on a superconducting circuit system, where a two-photon-driven LC resonator serves as the charger and an array of transmon qubits functions as the battery. Our results show that two-photon parametric driving exponentially enhances the effective cavity-qubit coupling, which in turn gives rise to near-degenerate energy-level structures and highly entangled quantum states. This significantly enhances the charging power and enables rapid energy transfer from the charger to the battery. Moreover, the engineered squeezed cavity mode and the associated quantum correlations effectively suppress environmentally induced decoherence, thereby delaying energy leakage and facilitating stable energy storage. The proposed scheme remains robust against practical experimental imperfections, such as parameter disorder and environmental noise, preserving its performance advantages. The work provides a feasible platform for realizing high-power, high-stability QBs and highlights the potential of parametric control in quantum energy technologies.
Nonreciprocal quantum batteries offer superior charging performance compared to reciprocal quantum batteries. We consider a charger-battery system comprising two optical cavities that interact independently with a third auxiliary cavity. We show that the nonzero dissipation of the auxiliary cavity induces a nonreciprocal exchange of excitations among the charger-battery system. Therefore, by engineering the loss in the auxiliary cavity, we induce a directional energy flow that enhances the charging efficiency. Using numerical and analytical calculations, we show that the steady-state energy stored in the battery significantly exceeds that in the charger. We compare our results with those of the reciprocal cases and demonstrate that our nonreciprocal quantum battery model exhibits a significant charging advantage. We believe that our proposed scheme represents a step forward in cavity-loss engineering, making it a viable approach for nonreciprocal quantum batteries with existing experimental techniques.
In the field of quantum thermodynamics, optimizing the performance of quantum battery (QB) under environmental effects remains a primary research interest. However, environmental control remains challenging due to its high-dimensional degrees of freedom, particularly in the non-Markovian regimes. This work investigates the charging dynamics of a QB model subjected to a tunable non-Markovian environment. We show that a controllable non-Markovian setting can be exploited to improve the QB's primary figure of merit. Specifically, we show that by tuning the relative ratio of QB-charger coupling strength and charger-bath coupling strength, the maximum dynamic values of the charging power, energy storage, and work extraction of QB can be significantly increased. Our findings suggest that employing non-Markovian effects in a tunable way offers a promising avenue for enhancing the performance of quantum thermodynamic devices, and sheds new light on the intersection between the reservior engneering and quantum thermodynamics.
Nonreciprocal quantum batteries harness reservoir engineering for controlled energy transfer, heralding a paradigm shift for quantum energy storage. A prior study utilizing the Metelmann-Clerk formalism reported a fourfold enhancement in nonreciprocal energy accumulation over reciprocal counterparts. This fourfold enhancement, however, appears to stem from a Lindblad master equation that exhibits fundamental inconsistencies, which may systematically understate the actual nonreciprocal advantage. Our approach is rooted in the rigorously established cascaded open quantum systems formalism, which ensures both mathematical consistency and physical fidelity. Remarkably, we surpass the previously reported fourfold benchmark, attaining a regime-independent sixteenfold steady-state nonreciprocal energy advantage over reciprocal systems. We further uncover a dissipation-dependent battery-to-charger efficiency, fourfold under symmetric damping, surpassing this benchmark when the battery is less dissipative, and lower otherwise. This work establishes the cascaded formalism as a mathematically rigorous and experimentally viable foundation for high-performance quantum energy storage.