Classical deep neural networks can learn rich multi-particle correlations in collider data, but their inductive biases are rarely anchored in physics structure. We propose quantum-informed neural networks (QINNs), a general framework that brings quantum information concepts and quantum observables into purely classical models. While the framework is broad, in this paper, we study one concrete realisation that encodes each particle as a qubit and uses the Quantum Fisher Information Matrix (QFIM) as a compact, basis-independent summary of particle correlations. Using jet tagging as a case study, QFIMs act as lightweight embeddings in graph neural networks, increasing model expressivity and plasticity. The QFIM reveals distinct patterns for QCD and hadronic top jets that align with physical expectations. Thus, QINNs offer a practical, interpretable, and scalable route to quantum-informed analyses, that is, tomography, of particle collisions, particularly by enhancing well-established deep learning approaches.
Classical deep neural networks can learn rich multi-particle correlations in collider data, but their inductive biases are rarely anchored in physics structure. We propose quantum-informed neural networks (QINNs), a general framework that brings quantum information concepts and quantum observables into purely classical models. While the framework is broad, in this paper, we study one concrete realisation that encodes each particle as a qubit and uses the Quantum Fisher Information Matrix (QFIM) as a compact, basis-independent summary of particle correlations. Using jet tagging as a case study, QFIMs act as lightweight embeddings in graph neural networks, increasing model expressivity and plasticity. The QFIM reveals distinct patterns for QCD and hadronic top jets that align with physical expectations. Thus, QINNs offer a practical, interpretable, and scalable route to quantum-informed analyses, that is, tomography, of particle collisions, particularly by enhancing well-established deep learning approaches.
Two strong transformative fields in contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) are quantum computing and deep learning. Neuro-nanophotonic systems also introduce quantum-inspired innovations that enhance the computing power of neural networks. Quantum-Inspired Neural Networks (QINNs) have shown promise as a potential alternative to the classical deep learning models, particularly when processing high-dimensional data and solving complex problems efficiently. QINNs leverage the attributes of quantum mechanics to enable efficient deep learning methodologies, achieving superior performance in AI-based applications. In this research, we present a QINN framework that synergizes the power of Quantum Variational Circuits (QVCs) and Quantum Natural Gradient Descent (QNGD) to improve learning efficiency of learning. Experimental results show that QINNs can achieve 97% accuracy, which is 4.5% improvement over the classical models, and computational time and energy consumption can be reduced by 45% and 53%, respectively. Furthermore, QINNs exhibited greater robustness to adversarial noise, making them better candidates for healthcare, cybersecurity, and large-scale AI applications. The results illuminate the game-changing ability of QINNs with respect to scalable, cross-computational and highly resilient AI architectures.
This paper introduces a novel approach to neural network design, termed Quantum-Inspired Neural Networks (QINNs) with Adaptive Graph Structures. The core idea is to leverage the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics – specifically superposition and entanglement – to create a network architecture that exhibits enhanced information processing capabilities. Traditional neural networks often struggle with complex, non-linear relationships and can suffer from vanishing gradients during training. QINNs address these limitations by employing dynamically evolving graph structures that mimic the interconnectedness and efficient information transfer observed in quantum systems. The network architecture is designed to represent data through a superposition of states, allowing for the exploration of multiple solution paths simultaneously. Furthermore, adaptive graph structures, inspired by entanglement, facilitate the correlation of information between nodes, significantly improving the network's ability to capture intricate patterns. This approach represents a significant departure from simply using quantum concepts as an inspirational element; it's a fundamental integration of quantum principles into the neural network design, leading to potentially superior performance in tasks demanding high computational efficiency and pattern recognition accuracy. The paper outlines the theoretical framework, the proposed architecture, and discusses the potential benefits and future research directions.
The field of quantum computing has seen significant progress in recent times, leading to the emergence of innovative methodologies across several areas, particularly in machine learning and neural networks. This research study introduces a quantum-inspired neural network (QINN) that has been particularly developed to improve image recognition capabilities. In contrast to conventional neural networks, the Quantum-inspired Neural Network (QINN) utilizes concepts derived from quantum mechanics, including superposition and entanglement, to process and encode information effectively. The paradigm we propose incorporates quantum bits (qubits) as computing units instead of traditional binary nodes, simultaneously enabling the representation of many states. Moreover, the use of the intrinsic parallelism of quantum mechanics is harnessed to provide expedited and more effective data processing, particularly within the concealed levels of the network. The researchers ran benchmark tests using well-recognized image datasets, including CIFAR-10 and ImageNet. The study's findings indicated that QINN displayed superior accuracy rates compared to traditional methods and revealed faster convergence throughout the training process. Additionally, our quantum-inspired methodology demonstrated significant efficacy in analyzing pictures containing nuanced characteristics, highlighting its potential in practical scenarios where precise identification is of utmost importance. In summary, integrating quantum principles with neural network topologies has the potential for groundbreaking advancement in image recognition skills. QINN is a groundbreaking advancement in this domain, emphasizing the unexplored capacity to use quantum phenomena for sophisticated machine learning objectives. Potential areas for future study are the expansion of network scalability to accommodate bigger datasets, exploration of security measures that are resilient against quantum threats, and investigating hybrid models that integrate both quantum and conventional paradigms to enhance overall performance.
Machine learning algorithms are heavily relied on to understand the vast amounts of data from high-energy particle collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The data from such collision events can naturally be represented with graph structures. Therefore, deep geometric methods, such as graph neural networks (GNNs), have been leveraged for various data analysis tasks in high-energy physics. One typical task is jet tagging, where jets are viewed as point clouds with distinct features and edge connections between their constituent particles. The increasing size and complexity of the LHC particle datasets, as well as the computational models used for their analysis, have greatly motivated the development of alternative fast and efficient computational paradigms such as quantum computation. In addition, to enhance the validity and robustness of deep networks, we can leverage the fundamental symmetries present in the data through the use of invariant inputs and equivariant layers. In this paper, we provide a fair and comprehensive comparison of classical graph neural networks (GNNs) and equivariant graph neural networks (EGNNs) and their quantum counterparts: quantum graph neural networks (QGNNs) and equivariant quantum graph neural networks (EQGNN). The four architectures were benchmarked on a binary classification task to classify the parton-level particle initiating the jet. Based on their area under the curve (AUC) scores, the quantum networks were found to outperform the classical networks. However, seeing the computational advantage of quantum networks in practice may have to wait for the further development of quantum technology and its associated application programming interfaces (APIs).
Jets are central to the physics programs of both current and future colliders, from precision Standard Model measurements and searches for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider to studies of nucleon structure at the future Electron-Ion Collider. Motivated by these applications, we explore quantum machine learning for jet classification and present a permutation-invariant Quantum Graph Neural Network (QGNN) applied to particle-cloud representations of jets. We apply the model to two such discrimination tasks: quark vs. gluon and up vs. down quark flavor tagging, with the latter being, to our knowledge, the first application of a quantum model to this problem. In the ideal simulation, the QGNN performs competitively against the Particle Flow Network and traditional QCD observables. We further deploy scaled-down models to IBM and IonQ quantum processing units (QPUs), where we train and evaluate them, obtaining promising results. Finally, we perform an interpretability analysis to characterize the observables learned by the quantum model, relating them to generalized angularities for the quark-gluon study and to jet charge for the flavor study.
Quantum-inspired neural networks (QINNs) have emerged as a promising approach to leveraging quantum computational principles for accelerating and enhancing artificial intelligence. However, a significant limitation of existing QINNs lies in their failure to fully capture the essence of quantum entanglement, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. This paper proposes a novel architecture, termed Entangled Node Representation (ENR) QINNs, which directly incorporates true quantum entanglement into the network structure. The core idea is to represent nodes as entangled qubits, allowing for inherent correlations between nodes that surpass the limitations of classical neural networks. We postulate that this approach will dramatically improve learning efficiency by enabling the network to explore a wider solution space and converge faster. The proposed ENR QINNs introduce a formal mathematical framework for modeling and training these networks, exploring the potential of superposition and interference effects within the network's architecture. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the ENR QINNs possess the potential to achieve exponential speedups in computation compared to traditional neural networks, particularly in tasks involving complex correlations. We outline key considerations for the design and training of ENR QINNs, including qubit representation choices, entanglement management strategies, and optimization algorithms specifically tailored to exploit the quantum properties of the network. Further research will focus on experimental validation and scaling the architecture for real-world applications.